Perovskite-Protected Lithium Metal Anode for Dendrite Suppression

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Solution Overview

Problem

Lithium metal batteries face issues with lithium dendrite growth during charging and discharging, leading to reduced lifespan and safety concerns such as internal short-circuits and potential fires, due to non-uniform lithium electrodeposition.

Innovation Solution

A lithium metal anode with a protective film comprising a lithium salt, lithium-metal alloy, and a perovskite compound is developed, which induces uniform lithium electrodeposition and suppresses dendrite growth, improving ionic conductivity and mechanical strength.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If lithium metal is used as anode, then battery capacity and energy density are improved, but lithium dendrite growth occurs leading to safety issues and reduced lifespan

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebattery capacityVSAvoidbattery safety
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A protective film is pre-formed on the lithium metal anode surface before battery operation through contact with perovskite thin film. This preliminary protective layer prevents dendrite growth during subsequent charging cycles while maintaining high lithium capacity, resolving the contradiction between capacity and safety

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

Perovskite compound acts as an intermediary substance between the lithium metal anode and the electrolyte. The perovskite-based protective film mediates lithium ion deposition, guiding uniform growth and preventing direct harmful interactions that lead to dendrite formation, thus improving both safety and capacity utilization

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Quantity of substance

If lithium metal is used as anode, then battery energy density is improved, but non-uniform lithium electrodeposition occurs reducing lifespan

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy densityVSAvoidbattery lifespan
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The protective film introduces local quality changes to the anode surface by creating a controlled interface with specific perovskite crystal structures. This local modification at the surface level guides uniform lithium electrodeposition throughout the material, preventing localized dendrite formation and extending battery lifespan while maintaining high energy density

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The perovskite protective film changes the physical and chemical parameters of the anode surface, including surface energy, crystal structure orientation, and ion transport properties. These parameter changes promote uniform lithium deposition patterns, preventing the non-uniform electrodeposition that would otherwise reduce battery lifespan

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If protective film is formed on lithium metal surface, then dendrite growth is suppressed, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedendrite suppressionVSAvoidmanufacturing process
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The protective film formation process is designed to be self-service, where the perovskite thin film automatically forms the protective layer through simple contact with the lithium metal surface. This self-organizing process eliminates the need for complex multi-step coating procedures, maintaining manufacturing simplicity while achieving effective dendrite suppression

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The perovskite protective film is applied as a thin, simple layer that can be formed through low-cost processes. Rather than requiring complex, expensive, and durable coating equipment, the solution uses a simple perovskite layer that effectively performs the protective function without adding significant manufacturing complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively inhibits lithium dendrite growth, enhancing the electrochemical performance, lifespan, and safety of lithium metal batteries by promoting uniform lithium distribution and reducing nucleation barriers.

Implementation Method 1

inducing uniform lithium electrodeposition

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrodeposition: Electrodeposition

Implementation Method 2

reducing nucleation barriers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectNucleation: Nucleation

Data Source

PatentEP4394910A1Lithium metal anode, manufacturing method thereof, and lithium metal battery
Publication Date: 2024.07.03 SK ON CO LTD
  • EP4394910A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4394910A1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP4394910A1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

A lithium metal anode and a method of manufacturing a lithium metal anode are disclosed. In an embodiment, an anode includes a lithium metal and a protective film formed on one or both surfaces of the lithium metal and including a lithium salt and a lithium-metal alloy. In an embodiment, a method of manufacturing a lithium metal anode includes forming a protective film by bringing one or both surfaces of a lithium metal into contact with a perovskite thin film.