Perovskite Photovoltaic Module Sealing Against Water and Oxygen

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current packaging technologies for perovskite photovoltaic modules are inadequate in preventing water and oxygen intrusion, leading to corrosion and reduced service life due to reactions between adhesives and perovskite cells, and edge-sealing methods are particularly vulnerable.

Innovation Solution

A photovoltaic module design featuring a packaging portion with a packaging slot and gap sections filled with a first packaging layer that includes desiccants and deoxidizers, such as reduced iron powder and ascorbic acid, to seal and isolate water and oxygen, while a second packaging layer, like a polyolefin elastomer adhesive film, bonds the substrate to the packaging portion, preventing contamination and enhancing durability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If full packaging with adhesive is used, then the sealing performance is improved, but chemical reaction between adhesive and perovskite cell occurs causing degradation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesealing performanceVSAvoidchemical reaction between adhesive and perovskite cell
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The packaging structure is divided into multiple sections: a packaging cavity containing the perovskite cell, a packaging groove filled with sealing material, and a separate adhesive-free sealing mechanism. This segmentation isolates the perovskite cell from direct contact with adhesives while maintaining effective sealing through the groove structure filled with inert sealing materials.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A packaging groove filled with sealing material (such as POE, EVA, or silicone rubber) serves as an intermediary between the packaging cover plate and the substrate. This intermediary provides the sealing function without requiring adhesives that would directly contact the perovskite cell, thereby preventing chemical reactions while maintaining sealing integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Object-affected harmful factors

If edge-sealing packaging is used, then the reaction between adhesive and perovskite cell is reduced, but resistance to water and oxygen intrusion is decreased

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereaction between adhesive and perovskite cellVSAvoidresistance to water and oxygen intrusion
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

Different regions of the packaging structure have different functions: the packaging groove is filled with water and oxygen resistant sealing materials to provide barrier protection, while the overall structure maintains edge-sealing characteristics to avoid adhesive contact. This local differentiation of material properties and functions achieves both protection from chemical reactions and resistance to environmental intrusion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The packaging structure uses composite materials including POE adhesive film, EVA adhesive film, silicone rubber, and other water and oxygen resistant materials in the sealing groove. These composite materials provide both the sealing function to prevent water and oxygen intrusion and the chemical inertness to prevent reactions with perovskite cells.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Ease of manufacture

If conventional packaging is used, then manufacturing simplicity is maintained, but service life of perovskite module is reduced due to water and oxygen corrosion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepackaging simplicityVSAvoidservice life of perovskite module
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The packaging groove is pre-formed in the packaging cover plate before assembly, and sealing materials are pre-placed in the groove. This preliminary preparation ensures that when the module is assembled, the sealing function is immediately active, providing long-term protection against water and oxygen corrosion from the outset, thereby extending service life without complicating the manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively prevents external water and oxygen intrusion, reducing corrosion risks and extending the service life of perovskite solar cell modules by creating a sealed environment that isolates the solar cell string from harmful atmospheric components.

Implementation Method 1

A first packaging layer which is capable of absorbing water and oxygen is arranged in the packaging gap

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdsorption: Adsorption

Implementation Method 2

the first packaging layer includes a desiccant or/and a deoxidizer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbsorption: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 3

the first packaging layer includes a desiccant or/and a deoxidizer, such as reduced iron powder, sulfite, ascorbic acid, oleic acid, calcium oxide or sodium sulfate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRedox Reactions: Redox Reactions

Implementation Method 4

the first packaging layer includes a desiccant or/and a deoxidizer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Implementation Method 5

the second packaging layer includes a polyolefin elastomer (POE) adhesive film, an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) adhesive film, a polyisobutylene (PIB) adhesive film, an ultraviolet (UV) adhesive film or an A-B adhesive film

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdhesion: Adhesive

Implementation Method 6

A photovoltaic module is a device directly converting light energy into electrical energy by photoelectric effect or photochemical effect

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric Effect: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 7

A photovoltaic module is a device directly converting light energy into electrical energy by photoelectric effect or photochemical effect

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotochemical effect: Photosynthesis

Data Source

PatentEP4174960B1Photovoltaic module
Publication Date: 2025.01.15 ZHEJIANG JINKO SOLAR CO LTD
  • EP4174960B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4174960B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5

AI summary

Provided is a photovoltaic module, including: a substrate, at least one solar cell string and a packaging portion, wherein a bottom of the packaging portion has a packaging slot, the substrate and the at least one solar cell string are arranged in the packaging slot, the at least one solar cell string is arranged on a top surface of the substrate, a packaging gap is formed between a side surface of the substrate and a side surface of the packaging slot, a first packaging layer is arranged in the packaging gap, and the first packaging layer is configured to seal the packaging gap.