Perovskite Battery Hole Transport Layer with Ni3+ Gradient Interface
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional perovskite batteries face issues with reduced photoelectric conversion efficiency due to the reaction of trivalent nickel on the surface of the nickel oxide hole transport layer with A-site cations and X-site halogens, and erosion of the perovskite light-absorbing layer by water and oxygen, affecting stability.
Innovation Solution
A perovskite battery design with a hole transport layer containing nickel oxide, where the atomic percentage of trivalent nickel ions decreases in a gradient manner from the body layer to the surface layer, reducing reactions and ensuring conductivity, and a preparation method using magnetron sputtering with varying argon-to-oxygen ratios for different layers.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If nickel oxide with high trivalent nickel content is used in the hole transport layer, then conductivity is improved, but photoelectric conversion efficiency deteriorates due to reactions with perovskite
Solution Approach 1:
The hole transport layer is divided into a body layer and a surface layer with different nickel valence compositions. The body layer contains nickel oxide with higher trivalent nickel content for conductivity, while the surface layer contains nickel oxide with lower trivalent nickel content to reduce harmful reactions with perovskite.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the hole transport layer are assigned different chemical compositions and properties. The bulk region maintains high conductivity through trivalent nickel, while the surface region in contact with perovskite has reduced trivalent nickel content to minimize adverse chemical interactions.
2Reliability
If conventional nickel oxide hole transport layer is used, then conductivity is ensured, but stability deteriorates due to erosion by water and oxygen
Solution Approach 1:
The hole transport layer is segmented into body and surface layers with different compositions. The surface layer with lower trivalent nickel content provides improved stability against water and oxygen erosion, while the body layer maintains conductivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The surface layer acts as an intermediary between the perovskite layer and the environment, providing a protective interface that reduces erosion by water and oxygen while allowing the bulk layer to maintain its conductivity function.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enhances the stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery while maintaining conductivity, with a simpler and cost-effective preparation process suitable for large-scale industrial application.
Implementation Method 1
a preparation method using magnetron sputtering with varying argon-to-oxygen ratios for different layers
Data Source
AI summary
A perovskite battery, a preparation method thereof, and a corresponding electric apparatus, are disclosed. The perovskite battery includes a first electrode, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, and a second electrode that are arranged sequentially, where the hole transport layer includes a body layer and a surface layer disposed on a side of the body layer close to the perovskite layer; the hole transport layer includes nickel oxide containing trivalent nickel ions; and an atomic percentage of trivalent nickel ions in the surface layer is less than an atomic percentage of trivalent nickel ions in the body layer. This application further relates to a corresponding preparation method and electric apparatus.