Perovskite Oxygen Storage Materials for Automotive Catalysts
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Solution Overview
Problem
The variability in supply and cost of cerium, a rare earth element used in oxygen storage materials for three-way catalytic converters, poses challenges in maintaining effective conversion performance under cycled air-fuel ratio conditions.
Innovation Solution
Perovskite materials, specifically those containing platinum group metals (PGM) such as Pt, Pd, and Rh, are used for oxygen storage, offering higher capacity and lower release temperatures, potentially replacing ceria-based materials.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If perovskite materials are used for oxygen storage, then oxygen storage capacity is improved, but material cost and availability become concerns
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of oxygen storage materials by using perovskite structures with general formula A1-xBxM1-yTiyO3, where different metal elements (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni) can be substituted at specific lattice positions. This parameter variation allows optimization of oxygen storage capacity while using more abundant materials, directly addressing the contradiction between improved oxygen storage and material availability concerns.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs composite perovskite materials combining multiple metal elements (La, Sr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti) in specific ratios within a perovskite crystal structure. These composite materials achieve enhanced oxygen storage capacity through synergistic effects of different metals while potentially reducing dependence on单一 rare earth elements, thus resolving the contradiction between performance improvement and material reliability.
2Temperature
If perovskite materials are used for oxygen storage, then oxygen release temperature is improved, but material complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent systematically varies compositional parameters (x, y values representing metal ratios) in the perovskite structure A1-xBxM1-yTiyO3 to control oxygen release temperature. By adjusting the proportion of different metals and their oxidation states, the oxygen release characteristics can be tuned without fundamentally changing the perovskite structure, thus managing material complexity while achieving temperature improvement.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces local compositional variations within the perovskite lattice by substituting specific metals at specific lattice positions (A-site or B-site). This local quality adjustment allows precise control over oxygen release temperature at specific regions of the material structure, enabling temperature optimization without requiring complete structural redesign, thereby managing overall material complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Perovskite materials demonstrate at least 1-2 times higher oxygen storage capacity and improved catalyst performance at lower temperatures, enabling meeting emission standards with potentially lower material usage and cost.
Implementation Method 1
perovskite materials demonstrate at least 1-2 times higher oxygen storage capacity
Implementation Method 2
Oxygen storage materials, such as cerium oxide, are utilized in TWC converters to store and release oxygen
Implementation Method 3
The perovskite material includes at least one platinum group metal (PGM)... employed in an automotive three-way catalyst
Implementation Method 4
lower release temperatures, potentially replacing ceria-based materials... improved catalyst performance at lower temperatures
Data Source
AI summary
The present technology relates to perovskite materials for oxygen storage. In one aspect, the perovskite material includes at least one platinum group metal (PGM) and at least one perovskite compound selected from the group consisting of formula (a): LaxMO3 and formula (b): La(1-y)SryMO3, wherein: M is selected from the group consisting of Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni; x is about 0.7 to about 1.1; and y is 0 to about 0.8, and wherein M, x, and y are independently variable for each one of said perovskite compounds. In one exemplary method, the perovskite materials of the technology are employed to treat automotive exhaust gas. In one embodiment, the perovskite materials are included in the washcoat of an automotive catalytic converter.