Perovskite Solar Cell Protective Layer for Sputtering Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
The long-term stability of perovskite solar cells remains a significant challenge, and the inferior stability of perovskite materials limits the preparation methods for other functional layers of the solar cells.
Innovation Solution
A perovskite solar cell structure is developed with a composite protective layer comprising a boron nitride layer and a graphene material layer, both ≤10 nm thick, directly stacked on the perovskite layer, enhancing mechanical strength, chemical stability, and preventing external impurities, while allowing carrier conductivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If perovskite solar cells use conventional crystalline silicon structures, then manufacturing is simpler, but absorption range is narrower and absorption coefficient is lower
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a composite protective layer combining boron nitride and graphene materials stacked on the perovskite layer. This composite structure provides both mechanical protection and maintains the perovskite's superior optical properties, resolving the contradiction between manufacturing simplicity and absorption performance.
2Stability of the object's composition
If perovskite materials are used for broader absorption, then absorption range increases, but long-term stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The protective layer is applied in advance to the perovskite layer to prevent degradation from environmental factors and processing conditions. This beforehand protection cushions the perovskite material against moisture, oxygen, and mechanical damage, thereby maintaining both its broad absorption range and long-term stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The boron nitride and graphene composite layer acts as an intermediary between the perovskite layer and the external environment. It mediates protection by blocking harmful substances while allowing the perovskite to maintain its photoactive properties, thus preserving both absorption performance and stability.
3Ease of manufacture
If standard preparation methods are used for functional layers, then manufacturing process is simpler, but damage to perovskite layer increases due to sputtering
Solution Approach 1:
The protective layer is deposited on the perovskite layer before subsequent sputtering processes for preparing charge extraction layers. This beforehand cushioning prevents high-energy sputtering particles from damaging the perovskite, allowing standard preparation methods to be used without causing harmful effects.
Solution Approach 2:
The boron nitride and graphene composite layer serves as an intermediary protective barrier during the sputtering process. It absorbs and dissipates the impact of sputtering particles, preventing direct damage to the perovskite layer while allowing the manufacturing process to proceed with conventional techniques.
4Device complexity
If perovskite layer is exposed directly to environment, then device structure is simpler, but stability and resistance to impurities deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses thin film structures of boron nitride and graphene as flexible protective shells over the perovskite layer. These ultra-thin films provide comprehensive protection against environmental degradation and impurity infiltration while adding minimal structural complexity, maintaining device simplicity while enhancing reliability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composite protective layer stabilizes the perovskite layer, enabling long-term stability and broadening the practical preparation processes for the second charge extraction layer and other functional layers, reducing damage from sputtering processes, and improving production efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
The composite protective layer includes a boron nitride layer and a graphene material layer which are sequentially stacked on the perovskite layer
Implementation Method 2
the boron nitride layer is prepared by sputtering, and the graphene material layer is prepared by sputtering
Data Source
Figure 1~3
Figure 4~7
AI summary
The present disclosure provides a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method therefor, and a photovoltaic module. The perovskite solar cell comprises a substrate, a first charge extraction layer (120), a perovskite layer (130), a composite protective layer (140), and a second charge extraction layer (150), wherein the composite protective layer (140) comprises a boron nitride layer (141) and a graphene material layer (142) which are sequentially stacked on the perovskite layer (130).