Perovskite Reducing Agent for Low-Energy CO2 Conversion
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Solution Overview
Problem
The existing chemical looping method for converting carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide is inefficient due to the need for large amounts of hydrogen, which requires significant energy and results in additional carbon dioxide generation, limiting the effectiveness of carbon dioxide reduction.
Innovation Solution
A reducing agent with a perovskite-type crystalline structure, specifically designed with certain metal elements and electronegativity ratios, is used to efficiently convert carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide, utilizing a combination of metal elements at the A-site and B-site with optimized electronegativity differences to enhance oxygen ion conductivity and carbon dioxide reduction efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If a conventional perovskite oxide (La0.75Sr0.25FeO3) is used as the reducing agent, then the reduction reaction can proceed, but a large amount of hydrogen is required which consumes significant energy and generates additional carbon dioxide
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the compositional parameters of the perovskite oxide by introducing multiple metal elements (A-site elements from Group 1-3 and B-site elements) with specific electronegativity ratios. This parameter optimization enables the reducing agent to achieve high carbon dioxide conversion efficiency while requiring minimal hydrogen, thereby resolving the contradiction between productivity and energy consumption.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite perovskite oxide structure combining multiple metal elements at different sites (A-site and B-site). This composite material approach creates a synergistic effect where the specific combination of elements enhances oxygen ion conductivity and catalytic activity, allowing efficient carbon dioxide reduction with reduced hydrogen demand and energy input.
2Loss of energy
If a perovskite oxide with optimized metal elements and electronegativity ratios is used, then hydrogen consumption and energy requirements are reduced, but the complexity of selecting and combining specific metal elements increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by assigning specific metal elements to specific sites (A-site and B-site) within the perovskite structure based on their electronegativity characteristics. The A-site elements (Group 1-3 metals) and B-site elements are strategically positioned to optimize local electronic properties, which simplifies the overall design process while achieving low energy consumption through targeted compositional optimization rather than trial-and-error approaches.
3Productivity
If the electronegativity difference between A-site and B-site elements is optimized, then oxygen ion conductivity and carbon dioxide reduction efficiency are enhanced, but the precision required in selecting elements with specific electronegativity values increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the metal element selection into two distinct categories: A-site elements from Group 1-3 and B-site elements from other groups. This segmentation allows for systematic selection based on electronegativity ranges rather than requiring precise control of individual element values. The approach maintains high carbon monoxide production efficiency while reducing the precision requirements through structured compositional design.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for high-yield conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable carbon-containing products while reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide generation, improving the efficiency of the chemical looping method.
Implementation Method 1
contains an oxygen carrier having a perovskite type crystalline structure represented by a composition formula: ABOx (x is a real number of 2 to 4) and having oxygen ion conductivity
Implementation Method 2
a reducing agent that produces valuables containing carbon by reducing carbon dioxide
Implementation Method 3
the electronegativity of the A-site element is Aχ, the electronegativity of the B-site element is Bχ, and the temperature at which carbon dioxide is brought into contact with the reducing agent is T (K), relationships of Aχ4×[(Bχ−Aχ)/T]
Data Source
AI summary
[Problem] There are provided: a reducing agent in which, in a perovskite oxide, when a combination of metal elements, a composition ratio thereof and the like are set, the amount of carbon dioxide is sufficiently reduced, the efficiency of converting carbon dioxide into valuables containing carbon (that is, a yield of valuables containing carbon) is high, and the efficiency of reduction using hydrogen is high; and a method of producing a gas using such a reducing agent.[Solution] The reducing agent of the present invention produces valuables containing carbon by reduction of carbon dioxide and is easily reduced using hydrogen. The reducing agent contains an oxygen carrier having a perovskite type crystalline structure represented by a composition formula: ABOx (x is a real number of 2 to 4) and having oxygen ion conductivity, the A-site element includes at least one of metal elements belonging to Group 1 to Group 3 in the periodic table, the B-site element includes at least one metal element different from the A-site element, and when the electronegativity of the A-site element is Aχ, the electronegativity of the B-site element is Bχ, and the temperature at which carbon dioxide is brought into contact with the reducing agent is T(K), relationships of Aχ<Bχ and 104×[(Bχ−Aχ)/T]<8.31 are satisfied.