Perovskite Conductive Substrate With HOMO-Matched Hole Extraction
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Existing solar cell technologies face challenges such as high production costs, instability due to moisture and oxygen degradation, and inefficient photoelectric conversion, particularly in perovskite solar cells, which require improvements in conductive substrates to enhance efficiency and reduce hysteresis effects.
Innovation Solution
A conductive substrate with a specific conductive compound forming a self-assembled monolayer on a conductive base, capable of multi-electron redox reactions and matching the valence band of perovskite, to selectively separate holes and reduce the work function, enhancing photoelectric conversion efficiency and minimizing hysteresis.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If inorganic semiconductor-based solar cells are used to achieve high conversion efficiency, then photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, but production cost and energy consumption increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the material parameters from inorganic semiconductors to organic conductive compounds with specific HOMO levels matched to perovskite valence bands. This parameter change enables efficient hole extraction while using lower-cost organic materials that can be processed by solution methods, resolving the contradiction between high efficiency and low cost
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite structure combining organic conductive compounds with perovskite absorber layers. This composite approach leverages the advantages of both materials - the cost-effectiveness and ease of processing of organic materials with the high photoelectric conversion potential of perovskite, achieving both low cost and high efficiency
2Ease of manufacture
If organic solar cells are used to reduce production cost, then manufacturing cost is reduced, but stability deteriorates due to moisture and oxygen degradation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an organic conductive compound as an intermediary layer between the perovskite absorber and the electrode. This intermediary layer with optimized HOMO level provides protective functionality, facilitating hole extraction while reducing direct exposure of perovskite to environmental factors, thereby improving stability without sacrificing the cost advantages of organic materials
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality improvement by placing the organic conductive compound specifically at the interface where hole extraction occurs. This localized application provides targeted protection and functional enhancement at the critical interface region, improving overall device stability while maintaining the cost-effectiveness of the overall structure
3Device complexity
If conventional hole conducting materials are used in perovskite solar cells, then device simplicity is maintained, but photoelectric conversion efficiency remains low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the key parameter of the hole conducting material's HOMO level to match the valence band of perovskite. This parameter optimization enables efficient energy level alignment and hole extraction, significantly improving photoelectric conversion efficiency while maintaining the simplicity of the device structure through solution processing
4Power
If dye-sensitized solar cells with liquid electrolytes are used to achieve reasonable efficiency, then photoelectric conversion is improved, but stability worsens due to volatile electrolyte degradation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the volatile liquid electrolyte (short-lived, unstable component) with a solid organic conductive compound that can be processed from solution. This substitution eliminates the stability problem of liquid electrolytes while maintaining efficient charge transport functionality, achieving both reasonable efficiency and long-term stability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent substitutes the liquid electrolyte system with a solid organic conductive compound system. This substitution replaces the liquid-based charge transport mechanism with a solid-state organic material that provides similar functionality without the volatility and degradation issues, improving stability while maintaining efficiency
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution significantly improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells by reducing the difference between forward and reverse conversion efficiencies, while maintaining stability and efficiency in various applications.
Implementation Method 1
a conductive compound which forms a self-assembled monolayer on a conductive base
Implementation Method 2
uses a specific conductive compound... so as to donate electrons to a conductive base
Implementation Method 3
a conductive compound which is capable of multi-electron redox reactions... achieving enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency
Implementation Method 4
solar cells that can directly convert sunlight into electrical energy... achieving enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention discloses a conductive substrate, a perovskite substrate using the conductive substrate, and a solar cell using the perovskite substrate. The conductive substrate, the perovskite substrate, and the solar cell of the present invention include a conductive base and a conductive compound stacked on the conductive base. The conductive compound is represented by Formula 1, 2 or 3. The conductive compound is capable of multi-electron redox reactions, possesses p-type organic molecular properties, and has an oxidation potential or highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) matching the valence band of perovskite so that holes generated in an absorber layer are selectively separated for the application of the perovskite material, achieving enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell and a significantly reduced difference between the forward and reverse conversion efficiencies (hysteresis index) of the solar cell.