PGPR Emulsion Vaccine for Delayed Antigen Release
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current vaccine administration methods for food-producing animals require multiple injections, causing stress and are hindered by Maternal Derived Antibodies (MDA) that can delay or block immune responses in young animals, such as day-old chicks.
Innovation Solution
A vaccine formulation using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) for controlled and delayed antigen release, allowing a single injection to prime and boost the immune system, overcoming MDA interference by delaying immune response onset until MDA levels decline.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If multiple injections are used to prime and boost immune response, then immune efficacy is improved, but animal stress and suffering increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines the priming and boosting functions into a single vaccine formulation containing both antigen and adjuvant. This merging allows the vaccine to simultaneously provide initial immune stimulation (priming) and enhanced immune response (boosting), eliminating the need for separate booster injections and thereby reducing animal stress while maintaining immune efficacy.
Solution Approach 2:
The single vaccine formulation is designed to perform multiple functions: it acts as both a priming agent and a boosting agent. The inclusion of specific adjuvants enables the formulation to enhance immune response duration and magnitude, making a single injection equivalent to traditional multi-injection regimens, thus reducing harmful stress effects while achieving reliable immunity.
2Loss of time
If vaccination is administered to day-old chicks, then early immune protection is achieved, but Maternal Derived Antibodies block the immune response
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical and immunological parameters of the vaccine formulation by incorporating specific adjuvants (such as squalene, TLR agonists, or CpG oligonucleotides). These parameter changes enable the vaccine to overcome the blocking effect of Maternal Derived Antibodies, allowing effective immune response even when administered to day-old chicks with high MDA levels, thus achieving early immune protection without reliability loss.
Solution Approach 2:
The adjuvant acts as an intermediary substance that facilitates the interaction between the antigen and the immune system. It mediates the immune response by activating innate immune pathways that can bypass the blocking effect of maternal antibodies, enabling the vaccine to effectively prime the immune system in day-old chicks despite the presence of MDA.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If a single injection is used to reduce animal stress, then animal welfare is improved, but immune response may be insufficient without booster
Solution Approach 1:
The vaccine formulation includes adjuvants that are designed to preliminarily activate and sustain the immune system. These adjuvants create a prolonged immune stimulus that mimics the effect of multiple injections, ensuring that the immune response is both initiated and maintained adequately within a single injection, thereby preventing the need for boosters while maintaining immune reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The adjuvant in the single-injection formulation ensures continuity of the immune-stimulating action over an extended period. It maintains antigen presentation and immune activation continuously, replacing the discrete stimulation provided by multiple injections, thus achieving reliable immune response while minimizing animal stress through reduced injection frequency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The PGPR-based vaccine formulation enables effective immune response in day-old chicks by delaying antigen release, ensuring immunity is established when MDA levels are low, reducing the need for multiple injections and enhancing vaccine efficacy.
Implementation Method 1
The first PGPR vaccine formulation may be an inactivated, emulsion vaccine composition that includes a first micelle based on PGPR comprising emulsion entrained antigens
Data Source
AI summary
Vaccine formulations comprising polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) are disclosed. Certain disclosed exemplary vaccine formulations comprised an aqueous phase comprising inactivated bacteria and/or viruses, and/or bacterial and/or viral antigens. One particular embodiment comprised an inactivated H9N2 PGPR emulsion-based vaccine for day-old chicks. Disclosed PGPR-based vaccine formulations can be administered alone, or in combination with or as a composition including a second standard fast release vaccine. Disclosed vaccines delay antigen release, and therefore delay an immune response in a subject receiving the vaccine, typically by 7-35 days. The present invention also concerns a method for vaccinating a subject, such as poultry or fish, with disclosed vaccine formulations, as well as a method for making PGPR-based vaccine formulations.