pH-Controlled Diamine Biocide Adhesion Without Solubilizers
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing biocidal agents containing N,N′-alkyl-1-ω-diamines face challenges due to their solubility issues, which lead to leaching and environmental contamination, and the presence of solubilizers complicates their practical application and increases toxicity.
Innovation Solution
Aqueous solutions with 5-N-carboxamido-2-pyrrolidone-N-n-dodecyl propane-1,3-diamine (Py-C12) and/or 5-N-carboxamido-2-pyrrolidone-N-n-tetradecyl propane-1,3-diamine (Py-C14) are formulated at a pH of 8 or less, without solubilizers, allowing reversible modulation of their state of matter through pH, temperature, and salt concentration for effective attachment to materials.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If solubilizers are added to improve the solubility of Py-C12 and Py-C14, then the aqueous solubility increases, but the toxicity and complexity of the formulation increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and removes solubilizers from the formulation entirely. By adjusting the pH to 8 or less, the diamines become sufficiently soluble in water without requiring any additional solubilizing agents, thus eliminating the toxicity and complexity associated with solubilizers while maintaining good aqueous solubility
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the pH parameter of the solution to 8 or less, which fundamentally alters the solubility characteristics of the diamines. This parameter change enables the diamines to dissolve in water at practical concentrations without needing solubilizers, thereby resolving the contradiction between solubility and toxicity
2Ease of operation
If diamines are kept in liquid phase for easy application, then the ease of operation improves, but the leaching and environmental contamination increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention creates a dynamic system where the diamines can be applied in a liquid state (at pH ≤ 8) and then transformed into a solid state (by adjusting pH above 8 or changing temperature). This dynamic phase transition allows the material to be easy to apply when liquid but resistant to leaching when solid, resolving the contradiction between ease of operation and environmental harm
Solution Approach 2:
The invention utilizes phase transitions of the diamines between liquid and solid states. During application, the diamines are in liquid form for easy penetration and distribution. After application, pH adjustment or temperature change induces solidification, which prevents leaching and environmental contamination while maintaining biocidal activity
3Reliability
If covalent binding is used for immobilization to prevent leaching, then the reliability improves, but the manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention replaces complex covalent binding chemistry with a simpler physical/chemical system based on pH-controlled solubility and phase transitions. The diamines are applied in liquid form and then immobilized as solids through pH adjustment or temperature change, achieving reliable immobilization without the need for complex covalent coupling reactions
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses pH as an intermediary parameter to control the state and behavior of the diamines. By adjusting pH, the diamines can be kept soluble during application and then precipitated for immobilization, providing a simple and reliable method that avoids complex manufacturing processes while ensuring stable attachment
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables persistent and adhesive immobilization of Py-C12 and Py-C14 on various materials, maintaining biocidal activity and preventing leaching, thus enhancing their practical application and reducing environmental impact.
Implementation Method 1
changes in pH, temperature and/or salt concentration allow to reversibly modulate the state of matter of Py-C12 and Py-C14 in an aqueous milieu
Implementation Method 2
changes in pH, temperature and/or salt concentration allow to reversibly modulate the state of matter of Py-C12 and Py-C14 in an aqueous milieu
Implementation Method 3
changes in pH, temperature and/or salt concentration allow to reversibly modulate the state of matter of Py-C12 and Py-C14 in an aqueous milieu
Implementation Method 4
adhesive immobilization techniques, i.e. based on non-covalent interactions
Data Source
AI summary
The invention provides an aqueous solution with a diamine component, wherein said diamine component consists of least 75 to 100 weight-% based on the total weight of the diamines in the aqueous solution of 5-N-carboxamido-2-pyrrolidone-N-n-dodecyl propane-1,3-diamine, also referred to as Py-C12, or at least 35 weight-% of 5-N-carboxamido-2-pyrrolidone-N-n-tetradecyl propane-1,3-diamine, also referred to as Py-C14 for attaching said diamine to a material, wherein the solution has a pH of 8 or less and does not comprise a solubilizer. These solutions are particularly useful as biocides. In a related aspect, the invention provides a method for attaching a diamine component according to the invention to a material.