Phase-Balanced Duplexer Circuit for Low Insertion Loss
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Solution Overview
Problem
In wireless communication devices, the use of electrical balanced duplexers with impedance tuners leads to insertion loss due to power branching in transmission and reception paths, resulting in reduced signal efficiency.
Innovation Solution
Implementing two circuit paths between an antenna and an isolation circuit, combined with a balun and phase shifters, to recombine split signals and reduce insertion loss while maintaining isolation between transmitter and receiver circuits.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If an impedance tuner is used to match antenna impedance in an electrical balanced duplexer, then isolation between transmitter and receiver is improved, but insertion loss increases due to power branching
Solution Approach 1:
The transmission path is segmented into two separate paths: one path directs transmission signals from the transmitter to the antenna, while the second path directs received signals from the antenna to the receiver. The impedance tuner is connected to only one path (the transmission path), preventing power branching losses while maintaining isolation functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The electrical balanced duplexer acts as an intermediary component that couples the impedance tuner to the transmission path while isolating the receiver path from transmission signals. This mediator role allows the impedance tuner to improve isolation without causing power loss in the reception path.
2Reliability
If the transmission path branches to the impedance tuner, then impedance matching and isolation are improved, but transmission power is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The system segments the power flow by creating distinct transmission and reception paths. The impedance tuner is integrated into only the transmission path, allowing it to perform impedance matching without causing power division losses that would affect the reception path.
3Reliability
If the reception path branches to the impedance tuner, then impedance matching is improved, but received signal power is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The reception path is segmented to be separate from the impedance tuner connection. Received signals travel directly from the antenna through the electrical balanced duplexer to the receiver without branching to the impedance tuner, eliminating power loss in the reception path while maintaining impedance matching in the transmission path.
4Reliability
If two separate circuit paths are used for transmission and reception, then isolation is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The electrical balanced duplexer performs multiple functions: it provides isolation between transmitter and receiver, couples the impedance tuner to the transmission path, and manages both transmission and reception signals through its balanced structure. This multi-functionality reduces the need for additional separate components.
Solution Approach 2:
The electrical balanced duplexer serves as an intermediary that manages the complexity of having separate transmission and reception paths while presenting a simplified interface to the transmitter, receiver, and impedance tuner.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach effectively recovers lost power by combining split signals, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the electrical balanced duplexer and reducing insertion loss in wireless communication devices.
Implementation Method 1
a balun (e.g., a transformer balun) that enables signals (e.g., transmission signals) of a first frequency range to pass through to the transmitter circuit (e.g., via a transformer effect)
Implementation Method 2
use at least one phase shifter disposed on at least one of the two circuit paths to phase shift at least one of the split transmission signals so that the two split transmission signals are in phase
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments disclosed herein relate to reducing or substantially eliminating an insertion loss caused by isolating a transmit circuit from a receive circuit of an electronic device. To do so, an isolation circuit may be disposed between the transmit circuit and the receive circuit. The isolation circuit may have a first signal path and a second signal path. A first portion of the signal may propagate along the first signal path and a second portion of the signal may propagate along the second signal path. A phase shifter may be disposed on the first signal path to shift a phase of the first portion to match a phase of the second portion. The phase-shifted first portion may be combined with the second portion to reduce or substantially eliminate an insertion loss caused by the isolation circuit.