Phase-Change Heat-Absorbing Composite for Battery Thermal Runaway
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current heat-absorbing materials for battery cores are susceptible to damage from external forces, affecting their heat-absorbing performance and leading to thermal runaway, while existing skeletons that enhance compression resistance occupy space and reduce the amount of heat-absorbing material.
Innovation Solution
A heat-absorbing composite material comprising a skeleton with holes filled with a phase-change material, where specific parameters are defined to balance heat-absorbing and mechanical performance, ensuring the material maintains integrity under external forces.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If heat-absorbing material is arranged on the battery core surface, then heat-absorbing performance is improved, but mechanical strength deteriorates due to susceptibility to damage from external forces
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies composite materials by combining a skeleton structure with heat-absorbing material to form an integrated heat-absorbing composite material. The skeleton provides mechanical strength and structural support, while the heat-absorbing material maintains its heat-absorbing functionality. This composite structure resolves the contradiction by allowing both components to coexist and contribute their respective properties without compromising either heat-absorbing performance or mechanical strength.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by creating a composite structure where different regions have different functions: the skeleton region provides mechanical strength and structural support, while the heat-absorbing material region provides thermal management functionality. This spatial differentiation of properties allows the overall structure to simultaneously achieve both mechanical integrity and heat-absorbing performance.
2Strength
If skeleton is added to enhance compression resistance, then mechanical strength is improved, but heat-absorbing performance deteriorates due to reduced amount of heat-absorbing material
Solution Approach 1:
The patent resolves this contradiction by creating a composite material where the skeleton and heat-absorbing material are integrated into a unified structure. The skeleton provides the necessary compression resistance, while the heat-absorbing material fills or surrounds the skeleton to maintain adequate heat-absorbing capacity. The composite design allows both functions to be achieved simultaneously within the same component.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies porous materials by using a skeleton structure with holes that are filled with or surrounded by heat-absorbing material. This porous configuration allows the skeleton to provide mechanical strength while maintaining sufficient volume and surface area for the heat-absorbing material to perform its thermal management function effectively.
3Strength
If skeleton occupies space to provide structural support, then mechanical strength is improved, but heat-absorbing capacity deteriorates due to reduced volume for heat-absorbing material
Solution Approach 1:
The patent resolves this volume contradiction by integrating the skeleton and heat-absorbing material into a composite structure where both components occupy the same overall volume efficiently. The skeleton provides structural support with minimal volume occupation, while the heat-absorbing material utilizes the remaining space, achieving both structural integrity and adequate heat-absorbing capacity within the constrained volume.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies the nesting principle by placing heat-absorbing material within or around the skeleton structure. This nested configuration allows the heat-absorbing material to occupy the internal space of the skeleton, maximizing the use of available volume while maintaining the structural support function of the skeleton framework.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composite material achieves excellent heat-absorbing performance and mechanical strength, preventing thermal runaway and ensuring the safety and efficiency of battery assemblies.
Implementation Method 1
heat generated by the battery core is taken away in a process such as a phase change of the heat-absorbing material
Implementation Method 2
heat-absorbing material is arranged on a surface of the battery core, and heat generated by the battery core is taken away
Data Source
Figure 1
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AI summary
The present disclosure provides a heat-absorbing composite material, a heat absorber, a battery assembly, and an electrical device. The heat-absorbing composite material includes a skeleton and a heat-absorbing material. The heat-absorbing material comprises a phase-change material. Holes of the skeleton are filled with the heat-absorbing material. A first surface of the heat-absorbing composite material is located between a second surface of the heat-absorbing composite material and a battery core. 0.2≤2252×r×ρ(S×x-a×H)×10-9/(0.6×Qc-360×cp×M)≤30, where r is the mass content of the phase-change material in the heat-absorbing material, ρ is the density of the heat-absorbing material in kg/m3, x is the thickness of the heat-absorbing composite material in mm, S is the area of the first surface in mm2, a is the area of an orthographic projection of the skeleton on the first surface in mm2, H is the thickness of the skeleton in mm, Qc is the capacity of the battery core in kJ, cp is the specific heat capacity of the battery core in kJ·kg-1·K-1, and M is the mass of the battery core in kg.