Flame-Retardant Phase Change Composite for Battery Heat Dissipation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Decommissioned power batteries, particularly lithium-iron phosphate batteries, face issues with accelerated aging, uneven temperature distribution, and safety risks due to heat accumulation during cascade utilization, necessitating a thermal management system with enhanced heat dissipation and flame retardancy.
Innovation Solution
A phase change composite is developed, comprising 50-70 parts of a phase change material, 10-20 parts of maleic anhydride graft, 1-5 parts of thermal conductivity enhancer, and 15-30 parts of a flame retardant mixture including melamine and triphenyl phosphate, which synergistically provides excellent flame retardancy, high latent heat, and great thermal conductivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a large amount of flame retardants is added to the phase change substrate to improve flame retardant performance, then the flame retardancy is improved, but the latent heat value and thermal conductivity are reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a composite material system consisting of phase change material (paraffin or fatty acid), flame retardant (hydroxyl-containing compound), and nucleating agent. This composite structure allows the flame retardant to be effectively distributed throughout the phase change material, providing flame protection while minimizing the impact on latent heat storage capacity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the content of flame retardant and nucleating agent within specific ranges (flame retardant: 5-20 parts by weight per 100 parts phase change material, nucleating agent: 1-5 parts by weight per 100 parts phase change material). By precisely controlling these parameters, the patent achieves effective flame retardancy while maintaining high latent heat value and thermal conductivity.
2Reliability
If a large amount of flame retardants is added to the phase change substrate to improve flame retardant performance, then the flame retardancy is improved, but the thermal conductivity is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a composite material system that integrates phase change material, flame retardant, and nucleating agent. The nucleating agent plays a crucial role in enhancing thermal conductivity by promoting the formation of a well-structured crystalline network, which facilitates heat transfer while the flame retardant provides fire protection.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the content of flame retardant and nucleating agent within specific ranges (flame retardant: 5-20 parts by weight per 100 parts phase change material, nucleating agent: 1-5 parts by weight per 100 parts phase change material). By precisely controlling these parameters, the patent achieves effective flame retardancy while maintaining high thermal conductivity.
3Duration of action of stationary object
If decommissioned power batteries are used in cascade utilization, then the service life is prolonged and use cost is reduced, but inconsistencies and safety risks are magnified due to accelerated aging and uneven temperature distribution
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes the phase transition characteristics of the phase change material, which absorbs and releases latent heat during melting and solidification processes. This phase transition mechanism effectively stabilizes the temperature of decommissioned power batteries during cascade utilization, preventing thermal runaway and ensuring safety while extending service life.
4Temperature
If phase change material-based cooling technology is used to control battery temperature, then the temperature is controlled within a reasonable range, but the flame retardancy is poor because most PCMs are flammable
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a composite material system consisting of phase change material (paraffin or fatty acid), flame retardant (hydroxyl-containing compound), and nucleating agent. This composite structure allows the flame retardant to be effectively distributed throughout the phase change material, providing flame protection while minimizing the impact on latent heat storage capacity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the content of flame retardant and nucleating agent within specific ranges (flame retardant: 5-20 parts by weight per 100 parts phase change material, nucleating agent: 1-5 parts by weight per 100 parts phase change material). By precisely controlling these parameters, the patent achieves effective flame retardancy while maintaining high latent heat value and thermal conductivity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The phase change composite effectively manages battery temperatures, inhibits thermal runaway, and ensures safety by maintaining consistent heat dissipation and flame retardancy, suitable for thermal management in power batteries.
Implementation Method 1
Since the PCM can absorb/release a large amount of latent heat during the physical process of melting/solidification
Implementation Method 2
the PCM can absorb/release a large amount of latent heat during the physical process of melting/solidification
Implementation Method 3
1 part to 5 parts of a thermal conductivity enhancer
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of power batteries, and in particular relates to a phase change composite and a preparation method and use thereof. The phase change composite includes the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts to 70 parts of a phase change material (PCM), 10 parts to 20 parts of a maleic anhydride graft, 1 part to 5 parts of a thermal conductivity enhancer, and 15 parts to 30 parts of a flame retardant; where the flame retardant includes melamine and triphenyl phosphate. The phase change composite has flame retardancy, high latent heat, and great thermal conductivity.