Multi-Component Phase Change Flame Retardant Core-Shell Design
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Solution Overview
Problem
Phosphorus-based flame retardants effectively reduce heat and smoke release but require large quantities, which can diminish the mechanical properties of composite materials, and existing flame-retardant phase change material formulations lack refinement in component configuration and structural design.
Innovation Solution
A multi-component phase change material flame retardant is developed, comprising a core structure of conventional flame retardants like aluminum hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate, coated with a shell of nano flame retardants such as MXene and graphene oxide, combined with paraffin wax, to create a synergistic core-shell structure that enhances flame retardancy while maintaining mechanical properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If large quantities of phosphorus flame retardants are added to achieve efficient flame retardancy, then flame-retardant properties are improved, but mechanical properties of the composite material are significantly diminished
Solution Approach 1:
The flame retardant system is segmented into multiple functional components: phase change material (paraffin wax) for heat absorption, nano flame retardant (MXene, graphene oxide) for surface protection and enhanced flame retardancy, and conventional flame retardant (ammonium polyphosphate) for bulk flame suppression. Each component performs a specific function, allowing effective flame protection without requiring excessive amounts of any single substance that would harm mechanical properties.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite flame retardant system combining organic phase change material, inorganic nano flame retardant, and conventional phosphorus-based flame retardant. This composite structure leverages the synergistic effects of different material types to achieve superior flame retardancy while maintaining mechanical integrity, as each component compensates for the limitations of the others.
2Use of energy by stationary object
If phase change material is applied to provide latent heat absorption during flame retardancy, then heat-absorbing properties are improved, but component configuration and structural design become incomplete without proper formulation
Solution Approach 1:
The invention optimizes the mass ratios of components within specific ranges: phase change material (1-5 parts), nano flame retardant (1-3 parts), and conventional flame retardant (1-20 parts). These parameter specifications ensure that the phase change material provides sufficient latent heat absorption while the other components are present in adequate amounts to maintain structural integrity and enhance flame retardancy, preventing an incomplete formulation.
3Reliability
If nano flame retardant and conventional flame retardant are combined with phase change material, then flame-retardant efficiency is improved, but preparation process complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The preparation process employs preliminary actions by first melting the phase change material in a water bath to create a liquid matrix, then gradually adding and thoroughly mixing the nano flame retardant to ensure uniform dispersion before adding the conventional flame retardant. This step-by-step preliminary preparation prevents agglomeration and ensures homogeneous distribution of all components, simplifying the overall process and improving flame-retardant efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The multi-component flame retardant effectively inhibits combustion and demonstrates superior thermal stability and flame-retardant properties by synergistically combining the advantages of phase change materials, nano flame retardants, and conventional flame retardants, offsetting their individual drawbacks through optimized component ratios and preparation methods.
Implementation Method 1
Phase change material is defined as a substance that changes state with temperature, meanwhile provides latent heat. The process of transformation of physical properties is known as phase change processes, in which the phase change material absorbs or releases a large amount of latent heat.
Implementation Method 2
the phase change material absorbs or releases a large amount of latent heat
Implementation Method 3
adding the nano-flame retardant slowly into the flask until it was completely mixed homogeneously
Implementation Method 4
stirring the mixed solution continuously and powerfully, to make the phase change material fully encapsulates the conventional flame retardant particles
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to a flame retardant composed of multi-component phase change material particles. These particles consist of paraffin wax, nano-flame retardant, and conventional flame retardant. The phase change material is modified with nano-flame retardant and physically coated with conventional flame retardant. The multi-component phase change material flame retardant is formed by creating a two-layer nucleus-shell structure. The nucleus core is made up of the conventional flame retardant, while the shell layer is composed of the nano-flame retardant doped phase change material. The multi-component flame retardant material combines the performance advantages of phase change material, nano flame retardant, and conventional flame retardant. The combination of nano flame retardant and phase change material weakens the disadvantages of phase change material and allows for the full utilization of the energy storage capabilities of the phase change material.