Phase-Gain Calibration for Millimeter-Wave Beamforming via Interpolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in accurately calibrating phase and gain values for millimeter wave beamforming, particularly in dynamic and unlicensed spectrum environments, which can lead to reduced network coverage and throughput.
Innovation Solution
A method for joint phase and gain calibration in millimeter wave beamforming involves transmitting reference signals with specific phase and gain values, receiving calibration coefficients, and interpolating these values for improved antenna array performance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If phase and gain calibration is performed for millimeter wave beamforming, then antenna array performance is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates in dynamic and unlicensed spectrum environments
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary calibration by transmitting reference signals across multiple frequency points and collecting channel state information before actual communication. Calibration coefficients are pre-computed and stored for subsequent interpolation, preparing the system in advance for dynamic spectrum conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The system creates a digital model of the channel response by measuring at discrete frequency points and uses this model to interpolate values at intermediate frequencies. This copying approach allows accurate calibration without direct measurement at every frequency point, maintaining precision in dynamic environments.
2Measurement precision
If calibration coefficients are measured at multiple frequency points, then calibration accuracy is improved, but productivity deteriorates due to increased measurement time
Solution Approach 1:
The system measures calibration coefficients at a selected subset of frequency points rather than all possible points. By choosing representative frequency points strategically, the system achieves sufficient calibration accuracy with reduced measurement time, balancing precision and productivity.
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of directly measuring all calibration coefficients, the system measures at selected frequency points and copies/interpolates values to other frequencies. This approach maintains calibration accuracy while significantly reducing the number of measurements required, thus improving calibration speed.
3Reliability
If calibration is performed frequently to maintain accuracy in dynamic environments, then reliability is improved, but loss of time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs comprehensive calibration measurements in advance and stores the results. When operating in dynamic environments, it uses pre-computed calibration coefficients and interpolates as needed, avoiding repeated full calibration procedures and reducing time loss while maintaining reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The system copies calibration coefficients from nearby frequency points or previously measured values to current operating conditions. This interpolation approach maintains calibration accuracy in dynamic environments without requiring time-consuming re-measurements, thus reducing time loss.
Data Source
AI summary
Wireless communications systems, apparatuses, and methods are provided. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes transmitting, to a network unit, a plurality of reference signals, wherein the plurality of reference signals is associated with a first set of phase and gain values to be used with a first antenna array at the UE for uplink transmissions, receiving, from the network unit, signals used to determine calibration coefficients associated with the first set of phase and gain values for the first antenna array, and transmitting, to the network unit, a communication signal based on the calibration coefficients associated with the first set of phase/gain values and calibration coefficients associated with a second set of phase/gain values, wherein the calibration coefficients associated with the second set of phase/gain values are interpolated from the calibration coefficients associated with the first set of phase/gain values.