2D Phase-Mode Beam Steering Using Hybrid Splitters
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional beam-steering systems for planar array antennas face challenges in efficiently steering the main lobe over a limited range, especially at short wavelengths, due to the need for numerous variable phase shifters and transceiver modules, which are costly and difficult to integrate, particularly in millimeter-wave applications.
Innovation Solution
A 2D phase-mode beam-steering system utilizing a minimal number of variable phase shifters and hybrid splitter/combiners to control the direction of the main output beam, allowing for independent radial and circumferential steering by adjusting the phases of these components, thereby reducing complexity and cost.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If conventional beam-steering systems use variable phase shifters and transceiver modules for each antenna element, then beam steering capability is achieved, but device complexity and cost increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the antenna array into multiple sub-arrays, with each sub-array having its own feed network and phase shifter. This segmentation allows independent control of each sub-array's beam direction while reducing the total number of phase shifters needed compared to controlling every individual element
Solution Approach 2:
The hybrid splitter/combiner network serves multiple functions: it distributes signals to multiple sub-arrays, combines signals from sub-arrays, and enables beam forming in multiple directions simultaneously. This multi-functionality reduces the need for dedicated components for each function
2Manufacturing precision
If more variable phase shifters are used to achieve precise beam control, then beam steering precision improves, but manufacturing cost and calibration difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent controls beam direction by changing the phase parameters of signals fed to different sub-arrays through the hybrid network. By adjusting phase parameters rather than physically moving components or using complex mechanical systems, precise beam control is achieved with simpler, more manufacturable components
3Adaptability or versatility
If transceiver modules are incorporated into each antenna element for full beam control, then beam steering versatility is maximized, but ease of manufacture and deployment deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the complex transceiver and phase-shifting functionality from individual antenna elements and consolidates it into a centralized hybrid splitter/combiner network. This extraction simplifies the antenna elements themselves while maintaining full beam control capability in the feed network
Data Source
AI summary
System and apparatus embodiments are provided for beam-steering. In an embodiment, an apparatus includes a first hybrid splitter/combiner connected to a 0-th phase-mode feed of an array of antenna elements, a second hybrid splitter/combiner, a first pair of variable phase shifters connecting the first hybrid splitter/combiner to the second hybrid splitter/combiner, wherein the first pair of variable phase shifters control a steering direction of a main output beam radial with respect to an array axis by adjustments of respective phases of the variable phase shifters, and wherein the array axis is perpendicular to a plane of the array, and a third variable phase shifter connecting a 1-st phase-mode feed of an array of elements to an input of the first hybrid splitter/combiner, wherein the third variable phase shifter is configured to independently control a direction of the main output beam in a direction circumferential with respect to the array axis.