Instantaneous Phase-Shift Interferometer Using Short Coherence Light

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional instantaneous phase-shift interferometers face challenges in accurately measuring optical parameters due to variations in bias and amplitude between interference fringe images captured by different cameras, requiring costly high-accuracy scanning stages and vibration-free environments, which are difficult to maintain over time.

Innovation Solution

The use of a light source with a coherence length shorter than the optical path length difference between reference and measurement beams, combined with a delay optical path allowing for adjustable optical path length changes, enables the capture of phase-shifted interference fringe images and calculation of optical parameters like bias, amplitude, and phase shift without specialized equipment, allowing for accurate shape measurement of objects.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a high-accuracy scanning stage is used to shift the measured object in the optical axis direction, then the measurement precision of optical parameters is improved, but the device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical parameter measurement precisionVSAvoidscanning stage complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts the phase shifting function from the mechanical scanning stage and implements it through optical path length adjustment. By using a movable component (such as a mirror or prism) that can be displaced along the optical path, the system achieves phase shifting without requiring a complex scanning stage to move the measured object itself.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention introduces an intermediary optical path adjustment mechanism between the light source and the measured object. This intermediary component (movable mirror, prism, or delay optical path) serves as a mediator to control the optical path length and induce phase shifts, eliminating the need for direct mechanical coupling between the scanning stage and the measured object.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If a vibration-free environment is prepared to eliminate relative shift error, then the measurement precision is improved, but the ease of operation deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical parameter measurement precisionVSAvoidmeasurement environment setup
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The invention incorporates feedback mechanisms through the use of reference surfaces and reference beams that continuously monitor and compensate for environmental disturbances. The system adjusts the optical path length dynamically to maintain stable interference patterns, automatically compensating for vibrations and environmental changes without requiring a vibration-free environment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the optical parameters (optical path length, phase shift amount) dynamically during measurement to compensate for environmental disturbances. By continuously adjusting these parameters, the system maintains measurement precision even in the presence of vibrations, eliminating the need for a controlled vibration-free environment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If optical parameters are measured periodically to maintain performance, then the reliability is improved, but the loss of time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinterferometer performance stabilityVSAvoidcalibration time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The invention performs preliminary calibration of optical parameters using a reference surface and reference beam before actual measurements. This preliminary action establishes baseline values for bias, amplitude, and phase shift that can be stored and used during normal operation, eliminating the need for frequent re-calibration and reducing time loss.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs self-calibration using built-in reference surfaces and reference beams that are always available within the interferometer. The system automatically monitors and adjusts its own optical parameters without requiring external calibration equipment or manual intervention, enabling continuous maintenance of reliability without significant time loss.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

4Productivity

If multiple interference optical paths are used to simultaneously measure phase-shifted interference fringes, then the productivity is improved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveshape measurement speedVSAvoidoptical path complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention segments the optical path into multiple independent channels, each capable of measuring phase-shifted interference fringes simultaneously. By dividing the measurement task across multiple optical paths, the system achieves parallel processing of measurement data, improving productivity without requiring complex interactions between paths.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention designs the optical paths to be modular and interchangeable, with each path capable of performing the same measurement function. This universality allows for flexible configuration and simplifies the overall system design, as the same basic optical components can be reused across multiple paths without requiring specialized equipment for each measurement channel.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach simplifies the pre-measurement of optical parameters, reducing errors and enabling high-accuracy shape measurement of objects in various environments, including those with vibrations, without the need for special devices or precise measurement setups.

Implementation Method 1

an interferometer which splits a detected light beam into a plurality of light beams or regions, the detected light beam including a reference beam as a measurement reference and a measurement beam obtained by reflecting from or passing through a measured object

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical interference: Interference

Implementation Method 2

relatively shifting a phase difference between the reference beam and the measurement beam, then generating interference fringes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase shift:

Data Source

PatentEP3118571B1Instantaneous phase-shift interferometer and measurement method
Publication Date: 2019.05.22 MITUTOYO CORP
  • EP3118571B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3118571B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3118571B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

An instantaneous phase-shift interferometer uses a light source having a coherence length shorter than a difference in optical path length between the light reflected from a reference surface and the light reflected from a measured surface. A beam from the light source is split and, using an adjustable delay optical path, a first beam is delayed to cause a difference in optical path length and is superimposed on the same optical axis as a second beam, after which the reference beam and the measurement beam are generated. The optical path length of the delay optical path is changed during adjustment, a plurality of interference fringe images are individually captured, and at least one of a bias, amplitude, and phase shift amount of the interference fringes obtained in each of the interference fringe images is calculated. A shape of a measured object is measured based on bias calculation results, amplitude calculation results, and phase shift amount calculation results.