Phenazine Redox Polymer Biosensor Leaching Prevention
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Solution Overview
Problem
Embedded biosensors face challenges in maintaining detection sensitivity and durability due to leaching of redox mediators, which also pose risks to the body when used for continuous glucose monitoring.
Innovation Solution
A high molecular weight redox polymer is developed where a phenazine derivative is covalently bonded to a high molecular weight polymer using an amide bond, preventing leaching and enhancing stability, and the polymer is designed with a linker to improve thermostability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a redox mediator is used in an embedded biosensor, then detection sensitivity is improved, but the redox mediator leaches out over time causing durability degradation and harm to the living body
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite structure by covalently bonding the redox mediator (phenazine derivative) to a high molecular weight polymer backbone. This composite approach combines the electrochemical activity of the phenazine derivative with the structural stability and non-leaching properties of the polymer, resolving the contradiction between detection sensitivity and durability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transforms the redox mediator from a small, leachable molecule into a large polymer structure that cannot easily leach out. By making the redox mediator itself a polymer with high molecular weight, the system achieves long-term stability suitable for embedded applications without requiring frequent replacement
2Reliability
If a redox mediator is covalently bonded to prevent leaching, then durability is improved, but detection sensitivity may be reduced due to restricted mobility
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs a composite where the phenazine derivative units are covalently attached to the polymer backbone at sufficient density and with appropriate spacing. This maintains the electrochemical activity and electron transfer capability while preventing leaching, thus preserving detection sensitivity while achieving durability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by ensuring that the phenazine derivative groups are distributed throughout the polymer structure with appropriate spacing and orientation. This local arrangement allows each phenazine unit to maintain its electrochemical function while the overall polymer structure provides stability and prevents leaching
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively prevents redox mediator leaching, maintains detection sensitivity, and reduces harm to the body by ensuring the longevity and accuracy of glucose monitoring.
Implementation Method 1
A redox mediator M accepts electrons that are generated by oxidation. The redox mediator M, which has been reduced by accepting electrons, is oxidized electrochemically on the electrode.
Implementation Method 2
The high molecular weight redox polymer of the present disclosure is formed with an amide bond between the amino group or the carboxyl group of the redox mediator and the carboxyl group or the amino group of the high molecular weight polymer.
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention forms a detection layer in an embedded biosensor probe by using a phenazine derivative as a redox mediator in which a phenazine group is covalently bonded to a high molecular weight polymer having a carboxyl group or an amino group, such as polyamino acid, polyimine, or polyallylamine; and the distance between the phenazine group and the high molecular weight polymer main chain is increased by using a polyethylene glycol chain.