Phenol Crosslinked Membrane for CGM Interference Exclusion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Continuous glucose monitor (CGM) sensors that utilize hydrogen peroxide detection face accuracy issues due to interference from oxidizing substances like ascorbic acid, uric acid, and acetaminophen, which are easily oxidized at the voltage required for H2O2 detection, leading to false positives.
Innovation Solution
A phenol crosslinked membrane containing allyl-containing compounds, such as allylphenol and allylalcohol, is electro-polymerized to form a selective and stable barrier that excludes interfering substances, enhancing solvent resistance and maintaining flexibility for implantation, thereby improving glucose detection accuracy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If a negatively charged polymer film is applied to exclude interfering substances, then interference exclusion is improved, but solvent resistance deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the polymer film by incorporating phenolic compounds with specific structures (such as hydroquinone, catechol, or pyrogallol) that provide both negative charge for interference exclusion and resistance to solvent degradation, thereby resolving the contradiction between interference exclusion and solvent resistance
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite polymer film by combining phenolic compounds with other polymer materials to achieve synergistic effects, where the phenolic component provides solvent resistance and negative charge while the polymer matrix provides structural integrity and flexibility, thus resolving the contradiction between interference exclusion and solvent resistance
2Object-affected harmful factors
If a polymer membrane is applied to exclude interfering substances, then interference exclusion is improved, but membrane stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical structure parameters of the membrane by introducing phenolic compounds with specific functional groups that enhance membrane stability through strong bonding and resistance to degradation, while maintaining the negative charge for interference exclusion
Solution Approach 2:
The patent develops a composite membrane system where phenolic compounds are integrated into the polymer matrix, creating a stable structure that resists degradation while maintaining interference exclusion properties through the negative charge of the phenolic groups
3Object-affected harmful factors
If a polymer film is applied to exclude interfering substances, then interference exclusion is improved, but flexibility deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent adjusts the physical and chemical parameters of the polymer film by selecting phenolic compounds and polymer matrices with appropriate molecular weights, crosslinking densities, and chain flexibilities to maintain membrane flexibility while incorporating the negative charge for interference exclusion
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite film where the polymer matrix provides flexibility and the phenolic compounds provide charge-based interference exclusion, with the composite structure maintaining both flexibility and interference exclusion properties through proper material selection and formulation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The phenol crosslinked membrane effectively reduces interference from oxidizing substances, extends sensor use life, and maintains stability and solvent resistance, ensuring accurate glucose monitoring without physical degradation from body movements.
Implementation Method 1
A common practice is to apply a polymer film/membrane, which is usually negatively charged, onto the sensor so that the interfering substances (most are negatively charged) will be excluded from the reaction center due to repulsive interaction
Implementation Method 2
The phenol may be electropolymerized with the allyl-containing compounds to form the crosslinked polymer
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments herein provide a membrane that is a product of a phenol crosslinked with one or more compounds containing an allyl group. The phenol may be electropolymerized with the allyl-containing compounds to form the crosslinked polymer. Suitable allyl-containing compounds include allylphenol, allylalcohol, allylamine, and allylcarbamide. A membrane may have one type of allyl-containing compound, or, alternatively, two or more types of compounds. As used in an analyte sensing device, a membrane formed from a crosslinked phenol may provide improved interference exclusion, peroxide response, stability, and/or solvent resistance.