Immobilized Phenol-Phosphonium Catalyst for Mild Cyclic Carbonate Synthesis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing immobilized phosphonium bromide salt catalysts require harsh reaction conditions such as high pressure and high temperature to synthesize cyclic carbonate compounds, leading to high energy costs and catalyst deactivation, which is undesirable for sustainable production.
Innovation Solution
A phenol moiety-containing quaternary phosphonium salt immobilized on an inorganic support is used, allowing for the synthesis of cyclic carbonate compounds under mild conditions like normal pressure and room temperature, with the catalyst being easily recoverable and reusable.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If phosphonium bromide salt catalysts immobilized on silica gel are used, then the catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused, but harsh reaction conditions such as high pressure and high temperature are required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical structure of the phosphonium salt catalyst by introducing a phenol moiety, which fundamentally alters the catalytic properties. This structural modification enables the catalyst to function effectively under mild conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure) while maintaining the immobilized form that allows easy filtration and reuse.
2Ease of operation
If phosphonium bromide salt catalysts immobilized on silica gel are used, then the catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused, but enormous energy costs due to heating arise
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the catalyst structure by incorporating a phenol group, which changes the reaction mechanism to proceed under mild conditions. This eliminates the need for high-temperature heating, thereby dramatically reducing energy consumption while preserving the catalyst's immobilized nature for easy recovery.
3Ease of operation
If phosphonium bromide salt catalysts immobilized on silica gel are used, then the catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused, but the catalyst is readily deactivated during the reaction
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a phenol moiety to the phosphonium salt structure, which fundamentally changes the catalyst's chemical properties. This modification enhances the catalyst's stability and resistance to deactivation during the reaction, allowing it to maintain activity over multiple reuse cycles while remaining easily recoverable.
4Ease of operation
If phosphonium bromide salt catalysts immobilized on silica gel are used, then the catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused, but low catalytic activities require high pressure conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the catalyst structure by adding a phenol group, which significantly enhances the catalytic activity. This increased activity allows the reaction to proceed efficiently under atmospheric pressure, eliminating the need for high-pressure conditions while maintaining the catalyst's immobilized form for easy recovery.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The immobilized quaternary phosphonium salt catalyst enables high-yield and high-purity synthesis of cyclic carbonates under mild conditions, facilitating easy recovery and reuse.
Implementation Method 1
an immobilized, phenol moiety-containing quaternary phosphonium salt obtained by introducing a linker moiety having a phenol structure onto a quaternary phosphonium salt as a catalyst, the corresponding cyclic carbonate compound can be synthesized in a high yield
Data Source
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AI summary
This immobilized quaternary phosphonium salt having a phenol domain is formed of at least an inorganic carrier and a quaternary phosphonium silane that is represented by general formula (1) and that has a phenol domain. A silicon atom of the quaternary phosphonium silane having a phenol domain is immobilized to the inorganic carrier via a covalent bond with an oxygen atom existing on the surface of the inorganic carrier. The immobilized quaternary phosphonium salt having a phenol domain enables production of a cyclic carbonate compound at an excellent yield under a mild condition such as at ordinary pressure and/or room temperature, and can be easily recovered and recycled after reaction. (R1 and R2 each represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1-10 carbon atoms, R3 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1-10 carbon atoms, R4-R6 each represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1-10 carbon atoms, n represents an integer of 0-2, and X represents a halogen atom.)