Layered Phosphate Ion Trapping Agent for Lithium Battery Separator
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium ion secondary batteries face issues with impurities causing short circuits and capacity degradation due to metal ions like manganese, nickel, and iron, especially at high temperatures, and existing trapping materials are not effective in maintaining battery characteristics over time.
Innovation Solution
A layered phosphate compound with a proton as an ion exchange group, supporting lithium ions in excess of its theoretical capacity and having no water of crystallization, is used as an ion trapping agent, which is incorporated into the battery's separator or electrolyte to efficiently trap these impurities.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional trapping materials (activated carbon, silica gel, zeolite) are used to trap impurities, then some impurity trapping function is provided, but the trapping efficiency is insufficient and battery characteristics deteriorate over time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the trapping material by specifying precise ratios of Li2O (40-70 wt%), P2O5 (20-50 wt%), and SiO2 (5-20 wt%), along with controlled water content (0.1-5 wt%). This optimized composition achieves superior impurity trapping efficiency while maintaining battery performance stability over time, resolving the insufficient trapping efficiency of conventional materials.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite material system combining lithium phosphate base material with controlled water content and specific oxide additives. This composite structure provides enhanced trapping capability for metal ions (Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu) compared to single-material solutions like activated carbon or zeolite, thereby improving reliability and reducing impurity concentration effectively.
2Reliability
If metal ions are trapped to prevent short circuits and capacity degradation, then battery safety and performance are improved, but lithium ion mobility may be affected
Solution Approach 1:
The trapping material is applied locally in the separator with controlled water content (0.1-5 wt%) and specific composition. This localized treatment creates trapping sites for metal ions without uniformly blocking lithium ion pathways. The spatially selective distribution of trapping functionality allows metal ion removal while preserving lithium ion mobility, thus improving safety without sacrificing speed.
Solution Approach 2:
The lithium phosphate-based trapping material acts as an intermediary substance in the separator that selectively interacts with metal ions (Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu) through chemical absorption. This intermediary mechanism traps harmful ions while allowing lithium ions to pass through the separator, thereby enhancing battery safety while maintaining normal lithium ion transport and mobility.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The ion trapping agent effectively suppresses the deterioration of battery characteristics and prevents a decrease in capacity by selectively trapping metal ions without affecting lithium ion mobility, ensuring stable battery performance and safety.
Implementation Method 1
a layered phosphate compound that includes a proton as an ion exchange group
Data Source
AI summary
An ion trapping agent which is a layered phosphate compound that includes a proton as an ion exchange group, that supports lithium ions in excess of a theoretical exchange capacity of the layered phosphate compound, and that has no water of crystallization; and a separator for a lithium ion battery or a lithium ion secondary battery containing the ion trapping agent.