Phosphonate Layer Treatment for Aluminum Adhesion Without Discoloration

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing metallic substrate treatments face challenges in balancing adhesion, corrosion protection, and aesthetic properties, with current methods often failing to provide durable and aesthetically desirable surfaces.

Innovation Solution

A method involving a phosphonate functionalized layer formed on metallic substrates, specifically aluminum or aluminum alloys, using a fluid comprising a phosphonate-containing acid or derivative, where the pH is adjusted above the pKa of the acid to create a stable conjugate base, enhancing adhesion and corrosion resistance while maintaining a desirable appearance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional surface treatments are applied to metallic substrates, then coating adhesion and corrosion protection are improved, but aesthetic properties deteriorate due to surface discoloration or roughness changes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating adhesionVSAvoidsurface appearance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSShape

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by adjusting the pH of the treatment fluid to be above the pKa of the phosphonate acid, creating a basic environment that promotes formation of the conjugate base. This chemical parameter change enables the phosphonate to form stable complexes with metal oxides that provide good adhesion while maintaining surface aesthetics, resolving the contradiction between adhesion improvement and appearance preservation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If conventional surface treatments are applied to metallic substrates, then corrosion resistance is improved, but surface aesthetics deteriorate due to discoloration or roughness

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecorrosion resistanceVSAvoidsurface appearance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSShape

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical parameter of the treatment fluid by maintaining a pH above the pKa of the phosphonate acid. This creates optimal conditions for the phosphonate conjugate base to form protective complexes with metal surface oxides, providing corrosion resistance while avoiding the discoloration and roughness issues associated with conventional treatments

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Ease of manufacture

If phosphonate treatment is performed at low pH, then surface preparation is simplified, but adhesion and corrosion protection are insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface preparation simplicityVSAvoidcoating adhesion
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the pH parameter to a basic range (above the pKa of the phosphonate acid), which transforms the phosphonate into its conjugate base form. This parameter change enables the phosphonate to effectively complex with metal oxides, providing both good adhesion and corrosion protection while maintaining ease of manufacture through a simplified single-step process

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method improves coating adhesion, corrosion resistance, and abrasion resistance while minimizing changes to the substrate's aesthetic properties, as demonstrated by improved performance in thermal shock and corrosion tests.

Implementation Method 1

contacting a metallic substrate comprising at least one of aluminum and an aluminum alloy with a fluid to form a phosphonate functionalized layer on at least a region of the metallic substrate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical adsorption: Adsorption

Data Source

PatentEP3931370B1Metallic substrate treatment methods and articles comprising a phosphonate functionalized layer
Publication Date: 2024.07.03 HOWMET AEROSPACE INC
  • EP3931370B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3931370B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3931370B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Metallic substrate treatment methods and articles comprising a phosphonate functionalized layer are provided. The method comprises contacting a metallic substrate comprising at least one of aluminum and an aluminum alloy with a fluid to form a phosphonate functionalized layer on at least a region of the metallic substrate. The fluid comprises at least one of a phosphonate containing acid and a derivative thereof. At least one of the phosphonate containing acid and the derivative thereof comprises a pKa of a first acidic proton. The fluid comprises a pH at least 0.5 pH value greater than the pKa of the first acidic proton. The article comprises a metallic substrate comprising aluminum or an aluminum alloy and a phosphonate functionalized layer on at least a region of the metallic substrate.