Phosphono-phosphate Polymers for Multivalent Cation Precipitation Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current phosphate compositions used to prevent precipitation of multivalent cations in aqueous solutions either degrade quickly or are not safe for human consumption, and bisphosphonates, while stable, have limitations due to their pharmacological activity and persistence in the environment.
Innovation Solution
Phosphono-phosphate containing polymers and compositions that incorporate a phosphono-phosphate group, which is conditionally stable and releases phosphate only under acidic or catalyzed conditions, preventing precipitation of multivalent cations while maintaining stability and safety for consumption.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If polyphosphates are used to prevent precipitation of multivalent cations, then the precipitation control function is achieved, but the composition degrades over time leading to increased ortho phosphate in solution
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical structure parameter from polyphosphate to phosphono-phosphate containing polymer, which modifies the stability characteristics while maintaining the multivalent cation interaction capability. This structural parameter change resolves the contradiction by providing both precipitation control and compositional stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses composite phosphono-phosphate containing polymers that combine the beneficial properties of phosphate groups for cation interaction with polymer backbone stability. This composite approach maintains the precipitation control function while achieving compositional stability in aqueous solutions.
2Stability of the object's composition
If bisphosphonates are used to prevent precipitation of multivalent cations, then compositional stability is achieved, but the substance persists in the environment and has pharmacological activity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces local variation in the polymer structure by using phosphono-phosphate groups at specific positions along the polymer chain, rather than uniform bisphosphonate structures. This local quality approach maintains stability where needed while reducing harmful persistence and pharmacological activity through the modified chemical groups.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical parameter from bisphosphonate to phosphono-phosphate containing polymer, which maintains compositional stability but reduces environmental persistence and harmful pharmacological effects. This parameter change allows the substance to degrade more readily while remaining effective for precipitation control.
3Quantity of substance
If low molecular weight bisphosphonates are used, then solubility in organic systems is improved, but the substance can pass through the intestinal wall and is not safe for consumption
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses polymer segmentation by creating high molecular weight phosphono-phosphate containing polymers that are too large to pass through the intestinal wall. The polymer is segmented into repeating units that maintain solubility and effectiveness while the overall large size prevents harmful absorption. This segmentation approach resolves the contradiction between solubility and safety.
4Reliability
If polyphosphates are used in aqueous solutions, then precipitation control is achieved, but the substance degrades quickly at all pH levels
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical structure parameter from polyphosphate to phosphono-phosphate containing polymer, which fundamentally alters the degradation behavior. The phosphono-phosphate structure resists hydrolysis at all pH levels while maintaining the ability to control precipitation, thereby extending the duration of action and stability in aqueous solutions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The phosphono-phosphate containing compositions effectively prevent precipitation of multivalent cations in aqueous solutions, offering stability and safety for use in consumer products without the drawbacks of polyphosphates and bisphosphonates.
Implementation Method 1
phosphono-phosphate containing polymers with multivalent metal cations
Implementation Method 2
strong interaction with calcium hydroxy apatite surfaces
Implementation Method 3
The phosphono-phosphate group is conditionally stable and will only release phosphate under acidic or catalyzed conditions
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are novel phosphono-phosphate polymer compositions with multi-valent cations in aqueous solutions. These compositions can further include mono or multivalent anions.