Phosphoric Acid Ester Dispersants for Solid Surface Compatibility
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing dispersants face challenges in effectively dispersing solids with non-basic surfaces, leading to inadequate dispersion, reagglomeration, and unwanted effects such as increased viscosity and loss of gloss in paints and coatings, as well as reduced mechanical strength and homogeneity in plastics.
Innovation Solution
Phosphoric acid ester derivatives with the general formula (Y(—O—CO—NH—R1—NH—CO—X—Z1)q, which are capable of dispersing a broad spectrum of solids, including those with basic, neutral, and acidic surfaces, and can be used in both polar and apolar binder systems, reducing viscosity and improving processing conditions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional dispersants are used to disperse solids with basic surfaces, then dispersing effectiveness is improved, but universality across different solid surface types deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The dispersant molecule is designed with a tri-functional structure: a phosphoric acid ester group for anchoring to basic surfaces, a urea linkage for intermediate bonding, and a hydrophobic radical for interaction with organic binders and non-polar surfaces. This multi-functional design enables the single dispersant to effectively disperse solids with basic, neutral, and acidic surfaces, as well as work in both polar and apolar binder systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The dispersant combines multiple chemical functional groups (phosphoric acid ester, urea, and hydrophobic radical) into a single composite molecular structure. This composite approach allows the dispersant to simultaneously provide electrostatic stabilization through the phosphoric acid ester group and steric stabilization through the hydrophobic radical, achieving broad-spectrum effectiveness across different solid surface types and binder systems.
2Reliability
If high mechanical forces are applied to introduce solids into liquid media, then dispersion is achieved, but energy input and dispersing time increase
Solution Approach 1:
The dispersant acts as a mediator between solid particles and liquid media, adsorbing onto solid surfaces through the phosphoric acid ester group and extending into the liquid phase through the hydrophobic radical. This intermediary action reduces particle-particle interactions and facilitates spontaneous dispersion, significantly reducing the mechanical energy input and dispersing time required compared to undispersed systems.
3Use of energy by moving object
If dispersants are used to reduce dispersing forces, then energy input is minimized, but reagglomeration occurs after deflocculation
Solution Approach 1:
The dispersant provides dual stabilization mechanisms: electrostatic stabilization through the charged phosphoric acid ester group that creates repulsive forces between particles, and steric stabilization through the hydrophobic radical that provides physical barrier and entropic repulsion. This combination of electrostatic and steric parameters ensures long-term dispersion stability and prevents reagglomeration, maintaining stable suspensions over time.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The phosphoric acid ester derivatives provide excellent dispersing and stabilization properties, allowing for high solids content formulations with reduced solvent use, maintaining stability and processing ease while preventing flocculation, thus enhancing the quality and applicability of paints and plastics.
Implementation Method 1
Wetting agents that are dissolved or dispersed in a liquid cause a decline in the surface tension, i.e., the interfacial tension, and thereby increase the wetting power of the liquid
Implementation Method 2
In small amounts, these substances are either applied directly to the solid or are added to the dispersing medium
Data Source
AI summary
Phosphoric acid derivatives, which are present as urea urethanes and contain a radical with an affinity for the binder in addition to at least one phosphoric acid ester group. Said phosphoric acid derivatives are especially suitable as wetting agents and dispersants. The derivatives are present according to the general formula (I)Y(—O—CO—NH—R1—NH—CO—X—Z1)g (I)whereinY is represented by a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated organic radical containing 1 to 1000 carbon atoms,q is represented by an integer from 1 to 10,R1 is represented by a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched organic radical containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms,X is represented by NH and/or NZ2,Z2 is represented by a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated organic radical,Z1 is represented by a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated organic radical, which contains at least two carbon atoms and at least one phosphoric acid ester group.