Phosphorus Flame-Retardant Polyester Fiber With Wash-Durable Adhesion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current flame retardants for polyester fibers, particularly those using halogen compounds, face issues with persistence, environmental impact, and effectiveness in maintaining flame retardancy after washing or laundering, while phosphorus compounds with high phosphorus content often fail to adhere properly to fibers, leading to inadequate durability and lightfastness.
Innovation Solution
A phosphorus compound with both an aromatic group and a phosphorinane structure is developed, which provides excellent adhesion to polyester fibers, maintaining flame retardancy without affecting the fibers' properties, and is synthesized using a process involving phosphorus oxytrihalide and diol compounds, ensuring high phosphorus content and stability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If phosphorus compounds with high phosphorus content are used as flame retardant, then flame retardancy is improved, but adhesion to polyester fibers deteriorates causing easy脱落 during washing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by introducing specific functional groups (carboxyl, hydroxyl, or amine groups) at particular positions on the aromatic ring of the phosphorus compound. These functional groups are strategically placed to interact with polyester fiber surfaces, creating localized adhesion zones that prevent the phosphorus compound from detaching during washing while maintaining high phosphorus content for effective flame retardancy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite structure by combining the phosphorus compound with aromatic groups containing functional groups that have affinity for polyester fibers. This composite molecular structure integrates both the flame-retardant phosphorus content and the fiber-adhering functional groups, achieving simultaneous improvement in both flame retardancy and adhesion properties.
2Reliability
If halogen compounds are used as flame retardant, then flame retardancy is improved, but environmental persistence and bio-accumulation worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the extraction principle by completely removing halogen atoms from the flame retardant molecular structure. The invention replaces halogen compounds with phosphorus compounds containing aromatic groups and functional groups, extracting the harmful halogen element while retaining the essential flame-retardant function through phosphorus-based chemistry.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by substituting halogen elements with phosphorus-containing aromatic structures. This parameter change transforms the flame retardant from a halogen-based compound to a phosphorus-based compound with specific molecular weight and functional group characteristics, achieving both flame retardancy and environmental compatibility.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If phosphorus compounds are used as flame retardant, then environmental safety is improved, but adhesion to polyester fibers and durability after washing deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by introducing specific functional groups (carboxyl, hydroxyl, or amine groups) at particular positions on the aromatic ring of the phosphorus compound. These functional groups are strategically placed to interact with polyester fiber surfaces, creating localized adhesion zones that prevent the phosphorus compound from detaching during washing while maintaining high phosphorus content for effective flame retardancy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the molecular parameters by controlling the phosphorus content within specific ranges (0.5-3.0 mass %) and adjusting the molecular weight and functional group composition. These parameter optimizations ensure that the phosphorus compound achieves sufficient adhesion to polyester fibers through hydrogen bonding and other interactions, while maintaining environmental safety and flame retardant effectiveness.
4Reliability
If flame retardant is applied to polyester fibers, then flame retardancy is improved, but lightfastness and color fastness deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters by using phosphorus compounds with specific molecular structures containing aromatic groups and functional groups. These structural parameters are optimized to avoid the harmful effects associated with halogen compounds, specifically preventing the degradation of lightfastness and color fastness while maintaining effective flame retardancy.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The phosphorus compound effectively enhances the flame retardancy of polyester fibers, maintaining durability and lightfastness even after repeated washing and use, while being environmentally friendly due to the absence of halogens, and is applicable for both fibers and common resins.
Implementation Method 1
the phosphorus compounds that are high in phosphorus content, are highly adhesive to the polyester fibers and are not easily desorbed are desirable
Implementation Method 2
having persistency in water or heat (good resistance to hydrolysis and resistance to heat)
Implementation Method 3
if the phosphorus compounds do not get into the inside of the fibers and adhere to a surface of the fibers
Data Source
AI summary
A phosphorus compound represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are, the same or different, a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted for an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are, the same or different, a hydrogen atom or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted for an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or R3 and R4, R4 and R5, R5 and R6 or R6 and R7 may form a 6 membered ring with carbon atoms wherein these groups bond a benzene ring provided that R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time.