Phosphorus-Containing Polymeric Chains for Metal Complexing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current polymeric compounds with phosphorus atoms lack the ability to effectively complex metal atoms, particularly transition metals, with high yield and stability across a wide pH range, and are not easily synthesized in a cost-effective and versatile manner for applications like water purification, medical imaging, and chemical catalysis.
Innovation Solution
Development of polymeric chains incorporating phosphorus atoms, represented by specific formulas, that can coordinate metal atoms through electron pairs, allowing for high specificity and selectivity in binding, and can be synthesized using a simple and cost-effective process using non-toxic solvents, including water.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional polymeric compounds with phosphorus atoms are used, then the polymer structure is simple and synthesis is straightforward, but the ability to complex metal atoms with high yield and stability is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates composite polymeric structures by incorporating phosphorus-containing functional groups (such as phosphine oxide, phosphine sulfide, phosphine selenide, phosphine telluride, or iminophosphorane) into polymeric chains. These composite structures combine the structural benefits of polymers with the metal-complexing capabilities of phosphorus compounds, achieving high metal complexing yield and stability while maintaining practical synthesis routes through functionalization of existing polymer backbones
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces specific phosphorus-containing functional groups at localized positions within the polymeric chain to provide metal-complexing sites. Rather than requiring complete structural complexity throughout the entire polymer, only specific segments contain the phosphorus atoms needed for metal binding, thus improving metal complexing ability without proportionally increasing overall polymer structure complexity
2Productivity
If polymeric compounds with high metal complexing ability are developed, then metal binding yield and stability improve, but the synthesis process becomes more complex and costly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a two-stage synthesis approach where phosphorus-containing functional groups are first prepared or selected as pre-formed units, then incorporated into polymeric chains through functionalization reactions. This preliminary preparation of reactive phosphorus groups simplifies the overall manufacturing process by breaking down the complex synthesis into manageable steps, achieving high metal complexing yield without prohibitively complex synthesis procedures
Solution Approach 2:
The patent achieves high metal complexing yield by optimizing parameters such as the choice of phosphorus functional group (phosphine oxide, phosphine sulfide, etc.), the polymer backbone structure, and the ratio of phosphorus groups to metal ions. By systematically adjusting these parameters rather than fundamentally redesigning the synthesis process, high productivity is achieved with relatively simple manufacturing modifications
3Measurement precision
If polymeric compounds are designed for high metal complexing selectivity, then specificity for transition metals improves, but the versatility of the polymer for different applications decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs polymeric compounds with phosphorus-containing functional groups that can complex multiple types of metal ions (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, lanthanides, actinides) through a unified mechanism. The phosphorus atoms provide electron pairs that can coordinate with various metal ions, making the same polymer structure applicable across diverse fields including water purification, medical imaging, and chemical catalysis, thus achieving both specificity and versatility
Solution Approach 2:
The patent achieves metal binding specificity through localized phosphorus functional groups within the polymer chain that provide selective coordination sites for transition metals. These localized active sites maintain high specificity for target metals while the overall polymer structure remains adaptable for different applications, allowing the same material to be used in water purification, medical imaging, and catalysis with appropriate parameter adjustments
4Stability of the object's composition
If conventional polymeric phosphorus compounds are used, then the synthesis process is straightforward, but the compounds lack stability across a wide pH range
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates composite polymeric structures combining stable polymer backbones with phosphorus-containing functional groups that provide pH stability. The resulting composite material maintains structural integrity and metal-complexing capability across a wide pH range, achieving enhanced stability without excessive structural complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces pH-stabilizing phosphorus functional groups at specific locations within the polymer chain. These localized functional groups buffer pH changes and protect the overall polymer structure, achieving wide pH range stability without requiring complete structural redesign of the entire polymer
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The polymeric chains effectively bind metal atoms, enabling applications in water purification, medical imaging, and catalysis with high specificity and selectivity, and can be used in various solvent environments, including water, offering a versatile solution for complexing and recycling metal ions.
Implementation Method 1
Polymers able to coordinate metallic ions are advantageously used in a variety of applications. In particular the compounds of the invention may be advantageously used in the coordination chemistry, in particular for capturing and complexing metal atoms.
Implementation Method 2
each unit being represented by the following formula (I)... for complexing metal atoms
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a compound comprising at least one polymeric chain incorporating phosphorus atoms and consisting, in all or in part, of identical or different repeated units, each of said units being represented by the following formula:wherein X3 represents —[Si(O2)]—; or —O—[Si(R1R2)O]— with R1 and R2 being, independently of each other, a C1-C30 alkyl or alkoxy group, a C5-C30 aryl group; or a mono- or polyorganosilicate derived radical; or —N(R3)— with R3 being —H, a C1-C30 alkyl group or a C5-C30 aryl group, optionally substituted with —OH or —NH2, or at least one unit of general formula (I), and ═X4 represents an electron pair, ═O, ═S, ═NR4 with R4 representing a C1-C30 alkyl group or a C5-C30 aryl group, ═Se or ═Te, and its use for complexing metal atoms.