Photobase Generator Curing Composition for Oxygen Inhibition and Corrosion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing active ray-curable compositions face issues such as incomplete consumption of residual monomers due to radical deactivation by oxygen, corrosion from strong acids in cation systems, slow reactions in anion systems, and time-consuming or heat-requiring processes in Michael addition reactions.

Innovation Solution

A combination of a photobase generator, a double bond-containing compound, and a β-dicarbonyl compound facilitates a Michael addition reaction, allowing for efficient curing without pre-separation of ingredients and avoiding corrosion or slow reaction rates.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If a radical reactive compound with a photoradical initiator is used, then the reaction proceeds rapidly, but radicals are deactivated by oxygen immediately to stop the reaction, making residual monomers difficult to consume completely

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvereaction speedVSAvoidcomplete consumption of residual monomers

Core Design Contradiction:

SpeedVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses a composite system combining a photobase generator (photoinitiator) with both a radical reactive compound and a cation reactive compound. This composite approach allows the photobase generator to produce both radicals and cations, enabling dual-mode polymerization that overcomes oxygen inhibition while ensuring complete monomer consumption.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If a cation reactive compound with a photoacid generator is used, then the acid serving as a reaction active species is not deactivated immediately and the reaction proceeds even after termination of photoirradiation, but the strong acid corrodes and denatures a substrate

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvecomplete consumption of residual monomersVSAvoidsubstrate corrosion

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical parameters by using a photobase generator instead of a photoacid generator. This produces weak basic species rather than strong acids, eliminating substrate corrosion while maintaining the ability to proceed with complete monomer consumption through anion-polymerizable reactions.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

3Object-affected harmful factors

If an anion reactive compound with a photobase generator is used, then a reaction proceeds even with a weak base and corrosion is not occurred, but the reaction proceeds very slowly

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvesubstrate corrosionVSAvoidreaction speed

Core Design Contradiction:

Object-affected harmful factorsVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges two polymerization systems into one composite composition: radical polymerization and cation polymerization. This combination allows the system to benefit from both rapid radical reaction speed and complete monomer consumption through cation polymerization, while using a photobase generator to avoid substrate corrosion.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #5Merging (Combining)

4Object-affected harmful factors

If a Michael acceptor, a Michael donor, and a base utilizing a Michael addition reaction is used, then the reaction can proceed, but the process is time-consuming, requires heat, or requires pre-separating out each ingredient contained in a composition

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvesubstrate corrosionVSAvoidreaction time

Core Design Contradiction:

Object-affected harmful factorsVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the thermal Michael addition mechanism with a photo-initiated polymerization mechanism. Instead of requiring heat and extended time for Michael addition, the photobase generator initiates rapid radical and cation polymerization upon light irradiation, dramatically reducing reaction time and eliminating the need for pre-separation of ingredients.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables complete consumption of unreacted compounds post-irradiation, improves curing speed, and maintains stability without substrate corrosion, as demonstrated by the pencil hardness test results and storage stability.

Implementation Method 1

a photobase generator, a double bond-containing compound, and a β-dicarbonyl compound

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectPhotolysis: Photodissociation

Implementation Method 2

combining a Michael addition donating compound with an anion-polymerizable active ray-curable composition containing a photobase generator and a double bond-containing compound

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectMichael addition reaction: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 3

active ray-curable composition which does not have a necessity to be pre-separated into each ingredient contained in the composition and has an excellent curability

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectPhotopolymerization: Photopolymerisation

Data Source

PatentUS10005922B2Active ray-curable composition, and active ray-curable inkjet printing ink composition and active ray-curable adhesive composition using the same

Publication Date: 2018.06.26 RICOH CO LTD

AI summary

An active ray-curable composition characterized by containing a photobase generator, a double bond-containing compound, and a β-dicarbonyl compound.