Photobiomodulation Feedback Control for Brain Stimulation
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) lacks a feedback control mechanism to optimize dosage, timing, and location of light source for enhanced brain stimulation, which is necessary for effective cognitive and memory function enhancement, particularly in middle-aged and older adults at risk for cognitive decline.
Innovation Solution
A system incorporating a light source, controller, signal detecting unit, and processor that uses Fourier Transform analysis and machine learning algorithms to adjust the light source's dosage, timing, and location based on detected brain activity signals from EEG, fMRI, and bbNIRS, ensuring optimal brain stimulation through photobiomodulation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If transcranial infrared laser stimulation is applied to enhance brain metabolism, then cognitive and memory functions are improved, but there is no feedback control mechanism to optimize dosage, timing and location
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a feedback control mechanism where a signal detecting unit measures brain activity (via EEG, fMRI, or bbNIRS), a processor analyzes the detected signals to determine brain metabolic state, and a controller adjusts light source parameters (dosage, timing, location) based on this analysis. This closed-loop feedback system optimizes photobiomodulation parameters in real-time to enhance cognitive and memory functions while adapting to individual brain states.
2Measurement precision
If broadband near-infrared spectroscopy is used to measure cell metabolism, then metabolic rate can be determined, but signal analysis complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bbNIRS) as an intermediary measurement technique to assess cell metabolism. The bbNIRS system emits near-infrared light through the skull and detects transmitted light on the opposite side, with the processor analyzing the detected signals to determine metabolic rate. This intermediary optical measurement approach enables non-invasive metabolic assessment without directly measuring cellular processes, balancing measurement precision with practical system complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively enhances cognitive and memory functions by optimizing TILS parameters, leading to improved reaction times, attention, and memory performance in older adults, as demonstrated by significant improvements in psychomotor vigilance and delayed match-to-sample tasks over five weeks of treatment.
Implementation Method 1
Photobiomodulation involves the absorption of photons and the subsequent modulation of metabolic processes in cells, including neurons. For red to near-infrared light, the major intracellular molecule absorbing photons is cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), a mitochondrial respiratory enzyme
Implementation Method 2
detecting signals for before and after the brain stimulation; and analyzing detected signals and generating a feedback loop control
Data Source
AI summary
In one aspect, a method for measuring cell metabolism through photobiomodulation comprising steps of receiving a broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bbNIRS) image including one or more responding signals to light stimulation regarding a specific cell; extracting two or more turning points on one of the responding signals; extracting two or more threshold points on one of the responding signals; generating a first line by curve fitting to approximate the turning points on the responding signal and determining a slop of the first line; generating a second line by curve fitting to approximate the threshold points on the responding signal and determining a slop of the second line; and comparing the input images, the first line and the second line to determine a rate of cell metabolism of the specific cell.