Photocrosslinked Nucleic Acid Barcodes for Fast Data Storage

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Solution Overview

Problem

Nucleic acids have high volumetric data density but are limited by slow and expensive synthesis, making them unsuitable for practical data storage due to the need for specialized and toxic chemicals or enzymes.

Innovation Solution

A method for light-directed concatenation of nucleic acid data barcodes using photoreactive elements, enabling enzyme-free synthesis in aqueous media, which can be patterned on compressible hydrogels for high-density data storage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If conventional nucleic acid synthesis methods are used, then nucleic acid data storage can be achieved, but the synthesis speed is slow and the cost is high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesynthesis speedVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces conventional enzymatic or chemical synthesis mechanisms with a light-driven photopolymerization system. Photoreactive nucleic acid monomers are polymerized using light exposure, eliminating the need for expensive enzymes or toxic chemicals, thereby reducing cost and increasing synthesis speed

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the fundamental parameter of synthesis activation from chemical/enzymatic catalysis to optical activation. By using light-responsive monomers that polymerize upon light exposure, the system achieves rapid synthesis without the kinetic limitations of conventional methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If photoreactive elements are used for light-directed concatenation, then synthesis speed increases and cost decreases, but the process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesynthesis speedVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the nucleic acid synthesis process into modular photoreactive monomers that can be independently controlled. Each monomer contains specific photoreactive groups that respond to light, allowing precise spatial and temporal control of polymerization while maintaining process simplicity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces photoreactive nucleic acid monomers as intermediary building blocks. These monomers serve as mediators between light energy and nucleic acid polymer formation, simplifying the overall process by directly converting light exposure into polymerization without complex enzymatic systems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Quantity of substance

If hydrogels are compressed for storage, then information density increases, but the physical space required decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinformation densityVSAvoidphysical space
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent embeds nucleic acid-encoded data within the three-dimensional network structure of hydrogels. The hydrogel matrix acts as a container that can be compressed, allowing high-density data storage in a compact physical form factor while maintaining the integrity of the embedded nucleic acid sequences

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method achieves fast, cost-effective, and stable nucleic acid data storage with high information density, suitable for archival applications, overcoming the limitations of conventional methods.

Implementation Method 1

photocrosslinking a first nucleic acid comprising a barcode flanked by a pair of hybridization domains to a second nucleic acid comprising a barcode domain (e.g., DNA data domain) flanked by a pair of hybridization domains; optionally further comprising photocrosslinking to the first or second nucleic acid at least one additional nucleic acid that comprises a barcode flanked by a pair of hybridization domains, wherein one of the hybridization domains of each pair comprises a photoreactive element

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotocrosslinking: Photopolymerisation

Data Source

PatentEP3874058B1Nucleic acid-based barcoding
Publication Date: 2025.12.31 PRESIDENT & FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE
  • EP3874058B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3874058B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP3874058B1 patent drawingFigure 1C

AI summary

Provided herein are methods and compositions related to nucleic acid barcoding. In some aspects, provided herein are methods and compositions for writing, storing, reading, and resetting data, for example, using photocrosslinking and/or a substrate or compressible hydrogel.