Photodiode Reset Input Circuit for Low-Power Light Blocking Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing devices require reliable and low-power input elements, especially for hardware reset functions that must operate without software interference, and current photodiode-based solutions are not optimized for low power consumption and simplicity.

Innovation Solution

A device with a user-operatable input element featuring a sensing circuit comprising a first and second photodiode arranged in series, where the photodiodes are spaced apart to receive ambient light through separate areas of the housing, allowing the user to block light and detect input through an amplifier circuit, with a non-transparent cover for the second photodiode to enhance sensitivity and low power operation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a photodiode-based input element is used, then the device can detect user input through light blocking, but the power consumption increases and the device becomes more complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinput element reliabilityVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the operating parameters of the photodiode circuit by using a current-to-voltage converter amplifier that operates at very low current levels (0.2 µA). The circuit converts the photodiode's current output to a voltage signal that can be detected by the microcontroller, enabling reliable input detection while maintaining extremely low power consumption. This parameter transformation allows the system to achieve both reliability and low power usage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If software-based input detection is used, then the device can adapt button functions, but the device cannot function as a last resort reset when non-responsive

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebutton function adaptabilityVSAvoidhardware reset capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the input detection function into two independent parts: a hardware-based photodiode detection circuit for critical reset functionality, and software-based button detection for adaptive functions. The hardware circuit directly triggers a reset interrupt that bypasses the operating system, ensuring it works even when the software is unresponsive. This segmentation allows both adaptability and reliable hardware reset capability to coexist.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Measurement precision

If multiple photodiodes are arranged in series, then the sensing circuit can detect light blocking, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelight blocking detection precisionVSAvoidsensing circuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a current-to-voltage converter amplifier as an intermediary component between the photodiodes and the microcontroller. This amplifier converts the small current changes from the photodiodes into a voltage signal that is easier to process. The intermediary simplifies the overall circuit design by providing a standardized voltage output that can be directly read by the microcontroller's ADC, reducing the complexity of signal processing requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

4Ease of operation

If the photodiodes are spaced apart to receive light through separate areas, then the user can block light selectively, but the housing area required increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveuser input operationVSAvoidhousing area
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent arranges the two photodiodes in a vertical stacking configuration rather than placing them side-by-side horizontally. Both photodiodes receive light through the same housing area via a shared light guide or optical path, but they are positioned at different depths (z-dimension). This vertical arrangement allows selective light blocking by the user while minimizing the horizontal footprint on the housing surface, effectively using the third dimension to resolve the space constraint.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides a low-cost, waterproof, and hardware-only input element with very low power consumption (0.2 µA), suitable for use as a reset switch without software support, capable of functioning in various lighting conditions.

Implementation Method 1

A sensing circuit comprising at least one first photodiode and at least one second photodiode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric effect: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3371887B1Device having an optically sensitive input element
Publication Date: 2020.10.14 BIOSIGNS PTE LTD
  • EP3371887B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3371887B1 patent drawingFigure 3~6

AI summary

The device has an input element (14), which can e.g. be used for resetting the device. The input element (14) has at least one first photodiode (D1) arranged in series to at least one second photodiode (D2a, D2b). A voltage (U) is applied over the photodiodes (D1, D2a, D2b). When the user blocks light to only the second photodiode (D2a, D2b), the voltage at the interconnection between the photodiodes changes, which can be used to trigger the input element (14). The input element has low power consumption and high reliability.