Photoelectric Conversion Element Layering for Stable Dark Current
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Solution Overview
Problem
Photoelectric conversion elements do not achieve sufficient reduction in dark current variation due to voltage applied, affecting their versatility across different devices.
Innovation Solution
A photoelectric conversion element configuration where the work function of the electron transportation layer and the cathode satisfy a specific relationship, and the active layer contains p-type and n-type semiconductor materials, with the electron transportation layer containing an insulating and semiconductor material, and using specific solvents for coating film curing.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If a single layer of electron transportation layer containing zinc oxide and PFN or PEI is used, then photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, but dark current variation due to voltage applied is not sufficiently reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The electron transportation layer is divided into two separate layers: a first electron transportation layer containing zinc oxide and a second electron transportation layer containing PFN or PEI. This segmentation allows each layer to perform its specific function optimally, with the first layer providing stable electron transport and the second layer controlling the work function to reduce dark current variation across different voltage conditions.
2Device complexity
If the work function relationship between electron transportation layer and cathode is not optimized, then device complexity is reduced, but dark current variation increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention optimizes the work function parameter by selecting specific materials for the second electron transportation layer (PFN or PEI) that satisfy the relationship Wf2-Wf1≥0.88 eV. This parameter control ensures stable dark current characteristics across different voltage conditions while maintaining a relatively simple two-layer structure.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration reduces dark current variation, allowing the photoelectric conversion element to be more versatile across different devices and applications without requiring special design changes.
Implementation Method 1
at least one electron transportation layer provided between the active layer and the cathode
Implementation Method 2
a work function of the one layer (Wf1) and a work function of the cathode (Wf2) satisfy the following Formula (1): Wf2−Wf1≥0.88 eV
Implementation Method 3
The energy (hν) of light incident on the active layer generates charges (holes and electrons) in the active layer
Data Source
AI summary
To reduce the dark current ratio.A photoelectric conversion element 10 including an anode 16, a cathode 12, an active layer 14 provided between the anode and the cathode, and at least one electron transportation layer 13 provided between the active layer and the cathode, in whichthe electron transportation layer contains an insulating material and a semiconductor material;a difference between a work function of the electron transportation layer and a work function of the cathode is 0.88 eV or more;the active layer contains a p-type semiconductor material and an n-type semiconductor material; anda work function of the electron transportation layer (Wf1) and an energy level of a lowest occupied molecular orbital of the n-type semiconductor material (LUMO) satisfy the following Formula (2):|LUMO|−Wf1≥0.06 eV (2).