Photoelectric Element Multiplication Factor Correction via Pulse Area
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for correcting the fluctuation in the multiplication factor of photoelectric elements, such as photomultiplier tubes, are inaccurate due to quantization of pulse signals based on wave height, leading to incorrect energy quantization of pulses with different widths.
Innovation Solution
An automatic analyzer that includes a photoelectric element generating electrons, a voltage applying unit, and a processing unit that corrects the multiplication factor by utilizing the pulse area of the pulsed signal instead of wave height, allowing for more accurate correction of the electron multiplication factor.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If pulse signals are quantized based on wave height comparison with threshold, then the measurement process is simplified, but pulses with different energy amounts are incorrectly quantized as having the same energy amount
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the measurement parameter from wave height (amplitude) to pulse area (integrated value). By integrating the pulse signal over time rather than comparing peak amplitude to a threshold, the system accurately captures the total energy content of each pulse, resolving the contradiction between measurement simplicity and energy measurement accuracy.
2Reliability
If the multiplication factor is corrected using wave height quantization, then correction can be performed, but the correction accuracy is insufficient due to loss of pulse energy information
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the conventional wave height-based correction mechanism with a pulse area-based correction mechanism. By substituting the amplitude comparison method with an integration method that preserves total energy information, the system achieves more accurate multiplication factor correction while maintaining the correction capability.
3Productivity
If only wave height information is used for pulse quantization, then data processing is reduced, but information about pulse energy and width is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from one-dimensional wave height measurement to two-dimensional pulse area measurement by integrating over the time dimension. This dimensional change preserves both amplitude and duration information in a single integrated value, preventing information loss while maintaining processing efficiency through direct calculation of the area under the pulse curve.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables precise correction of the fluctuation in the multiplication factor, ensuring accurate light measurement and reducing the influence of aged deterioration in photoelectric elements.
Implementation Method 1
a photoelectric element that generates electrons from light and outputs a current signal
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are an automatic analyzer and an optical measurement method for correcting a variation in the multiplication factor of a photoelectric element with high accuracy. The automatic analyzer comprises: a photoelectric element which generates electrons by light and outputs a current signal; a voltage application unit which applies a voltage to the photoelectric element; and a processing unit which corrects a variation in the multiplication factor of the photoelectric element, wherein the photoelectric element outputs a pulse signal as the current signal, and the processing unit corrects the variation in the multiplication factor on the basis of the pulse area of the pulse signal.