Photon Counting Detector Baseline Shift Compensation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Direct conversion pixels in photon-counting CT systems suffer from baseline shifts, leading to incorrect energy binning and the need for time-consuming threshold calibration scans, which are impractical for routine system calibration.

Innovation Solution

An imaging system with a pulse shaper and threshold adjuster to analyze test pulses and generate baseline shift compensation signals, and a threshold calibrator to rapidly adjust and calibrate energy discriminator thresholds using a sequence of calibration pulses, reducing the time required for threshold scans.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional threshold calibration scans are performed to compensate for baseline shifts, then energy discrimination accuracy is improved, but the time required for calibration increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy discrimination accuracyVSAvoidcalibration time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary baseline shift measurements using test pulses before actual photon counting measurements. The baseline shift is measured and stored, then compensated for during subsequent energy discrimination operations, eliminating the need for time-consuming calibration scans during routine operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of performing full threshold calibration scans on the actual detector system, the patent uses simplified test pulses that replicate the essential characteristics of real signals. These test pulses allow rapid measurement of baseline shifts without requiring comprehensive calibration procedures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Productivity

If baseline shift compensation is implemented using test pulses, then calibration speed is improved, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecalibration speedVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces test pulses as an intermediary element that mediates between the detector system and the calibration process. These test pulses serve as a simplified proxy for real radiation signals, enabling rapid baseline shift measurement without requiring complex calibration hardware or procedures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs self-calibration by automatically measuring baseline shifts using internally generated test pulses and applying compensation without external intervention. The baseline shift measurement and compensation process is integrated into the normal operation, eliminating the need for separate calibration procedures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Accurately compensates for baseline shifts and significantly reduces the time needed for threshold calibration, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of energy discrimination in photon-counting CT systems.

Implementation Method 1

Photons illuminate the cathode, transferring energy to electrons in the direct conversion material, which creates electron/hole pairs

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric effect: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3290959B1Photon counting detector
Publication Date: 2020.05.27 KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS NV
  • EP3290959B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3290959B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3290959B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

An imaging system (300) includes a detector array (314) with direct conversion detector pixels that detect radiation traversing an examination region of the imaging system and generate a signal indicative of the detected radiation, a pulse shaper (316) configured to alternatively process the signal indicative of detected radiation generated by the detector array or a set of test pulses having different and known heights that correspond to different and known energy levels and to generate output pulses having heights indicative of the energy of the processed detected radiation or set of test pulses, and a thresholds adjuster (330) configured to analyze the heights of the output pulses corresponding to the set of test pulses in connection with the heights of set of test pulses and a set of predetermined fixed energy thresholds and generate a threshold adjustment signal indicative of a baseline based on a result of the analysis.