Photonic Band Gap Crystal Dynamic Frequency Control via Acoustic Modulation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Dynamic frequency control of photonic band gap crystals has been elusive, as existing technologies lack efficient and cost-effective methods to alter their transmission properties in real-time.

Innovation Solution

Embedding a photonic band gap crystal within a defect cavity of an acoustic band gap crystal, where acoustic waves can modify the photonic crystal's lattice constant, symmetry, and refractive index contrast, allowing for real-time control of transmission properties through the generation of acoustic waves.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If photonic band gap crystal is used for filtering electromagnetic radiation, then wavelength selection is achieved, but dynamic frequency control is difficult to implement

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedynamic frequency controlVSAvoidcontrol mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The photonic band gap crystal is embedded within a defect cavity of an acoustic band gap crystal, creating a nested structure where the acoustic crystal contains the photonic crystal. This nesting allows the acoustic waves to directly interact with and modulate the photonic crystal's properties, enabling dynamic frequency control without complex external control systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Solution Approach 2:

Acoustic waves serve as an intermediary mechanism to control the photonic crystal's transmission properties. By generating acoustic waves at specific frequencies, the lattice constant and refractive index of the photonic crystal are modulated, which in turn controls the transmission of electromagnetic radiation. This intermediary approach simplifies the control mechanism compared to direct electrical or mechanical control of the photonic crystal.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If acoustic waves are used to modulate photonic crystal properties, then real-time control of transmission properties is achieved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereal-time control capabilityVSAvoiddefect cavity positioning
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The defect cavity in the acoustic band gap crystal is specifically designed with local quality variations to create a resonant structure that can effectively couple with the photonic crystal. This localized modification allows for efficient acoustic wave generation and focusing on the photonic crystal, improving control effectiveness while reducing overall manufacturing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Adaptability or versatility

If photonic crystal lattice constant is changed to control transmission, then wavelength range is adjusted, but structural stability may be compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewavelength range adjustmentVSAvoidlattice structure stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

Acoustic waves provide periodic modulation of the photonic crystal lattice, causing oscillations in the lattice constant at the acoustic frequency. This periodic action allows dynamic adjustment of the transmission wavelength range while maintaining the overall structural stability of the photonic crystal, as the lattice returns to its equilibrium position after each oscillation cycle.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables efficient and inexpensive control of photonic signal parameters, including the range of transmissible wavelengths, allowing for selective passing or blocking of electromagnetic radiation, and real-time modulation of band gap characteristics.

Implementation Method 1

Acoustic waves in the acoustic crystal squeeze the photonic band gap crystal to change its properties, particularly one or more of lattice constant, symmetry, and optical refractive index contrast

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcoustic wave compression: Compression

Implementation Method 2

acoustic waves in the acoustic crystal can alter transmission properties of the photonic crystal to modulate the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the photonic crystal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcoustic wave generation: Sound

Implementation Method 3

Photonic band gap crystals, referred to as photonic band crystals (PBCs) or simply photonic crystals, are characterized by materials with different refractive indices generally periodically spaced in one or more dimensions. The periodic structure and the properties of the selected materials creates a band gap, a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that are reflected and cannot pass through the photonic crystal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotonic band gap effect: Photonic Crystal

Data Source

PatentEP2104879B1Apparatus and method for controlling transmission through a photonic band gap crystal
Publication Date: 2017.11.15 RAYTHEON CO
  • EP2104879B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2104879B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2104879B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

An apparatus (10) and method for dynamic frequency control of a photonic band gap crystal includes an acoustic band gap crystal (12) having a defect site (14), a photonic band gap crystal (20) in the defect site of the acoustic band gap crystal (12), and a sound wave generator (40) coupled to the acoustic band gap crystal (12). Consequently, acoustic waves in the acoustic band gap crystal (12) can be used to controllably alter transmission properties of the photonic band gap crystal (20) and thereby modulate the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the photonic band gap crystal (20). Acoustic waves in the acoustic band gap crystal (12) can squeeze the photonic band gap crystal (20) to change its properties, including one or more of lattice constant, symmetry, and optical refractive index contrast.