Photonic integrated circuits with controllable interferometers
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Solution Overview
Problem
The generation and maintenance of large cluster states of qubits in quantum computing systems is challenging due to the probabilistic nature of entangled state creation and the need for long-range entanglement, which inhibits fault-tolerant quantum computation.
Innovation Solution
A fusion-based quantum computing approach that performs destructive joint measurements on independent, smaller entangled quantum sub-systems to generate joint measurement outcome data, allowing for fault-tolerant determination of logical qubit states without relying on large cluster states.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If large cluster states of qubits are used for quantum error correction, then fault tolerance is achieved, but the system complexity and difficulty of maintaining entangled states increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the quantum error correction system into multiple independent, smaller entangled quantum subsystems (cluster states) that can be generated and maintained separately. These subsystems are then combined through fusion operations to achieve the desired fault tolerance without requiring a single large complex entangled state, thereby reducing system complexity while maintaining reliability
2Reliability
If large cluster states are generated, then quantum error correction capability is improved, but the probabilistic nature of entangled state creation leads to lower success rates and longer computation times
Solution Approach 1:
The patent prepares multiple smaller entangled quantum subsystems in advance as resource states before the actual quantum computation begins. These pre-prepared subsystems can be quickly consumed and combined during computation, avoiding the time-consuming process of generating large cluster states on-demand and improving overall computation speed while maintaining error correction capability
3Device complexity
If independent smaller entangled quantum subsystems are used instead of large cluster states, then system complexity is reduced, but long-range entanglement necessary for fault tolerance is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple independent smaller entangled quantum subsystems through fusion operations (such as beam splitter transformations and joint measurements) to create the necessary long-range entanglement correlations. This merging process allows the system to achieve fault tolerance through the collective behavior of simpler subsystems rather than requiring a single complex large-scale entangled state
Data Source
AI summary
A method includes receiving a plurality of quantum systems, wherein each quantum system of the plurality of quantum system includes a plurality of quantum sub-systems in an entangled state, and wherein respective quantum systems of the plurality of quantum systems are independent quantum systems that are not entangled with one another. The method further includes performing a plurality of joint measurements on different quantum sub-systems from respective ones of the plurality of quantum systems, wherein the joint measurements generate joint measurement outcome data and determining, by a decoder, a plurality of syndrome graph values based on the joint measurement outcome data.