Photoremovable Cage Oligonucleotides for Spatial Cell Marker Generation

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Solution Overview

Problem

In 3D cell culture, particularly with spheroids, it is challenging to visually identify and track specific cell clusters among a large number of uniform clusters due to their similarity, making it difficult to distinguish and follow them over time.

Innovation Solution

The method involves introducing oligonucleotide constructs with a promoter, nucleic acid sequence encoding a fluorescent protein, and a photoremovable cage molecule into biological samples, followed by selective uncaging with spatially constrained light beams to generate unique markers, allowing for precise identification of specific regions within the samples.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional visual identification methods are used for cell clusters, then the process is simple and requires minimal equipment, but it becomes impossible to distinguish and track specific cell clusters among large numbers of uniform spheroids

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveidentification precisionVSAvoidlabeling system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention divides the identification system into modular components: oligonucleotide constructs with photoremovable cage molecules that can be selectively activated. Each cell cluster can be assigned a unique marker through spatially controlled uncaging, enabling precise identification without requiring complex imaging systems for all clusters simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The oligonucleotide constructs are introduced into cell clusters in advance with photoremovable cage molecules attached. The actual marker activation is then triggered by light exposure at specific time points and locations, allowing pre-prepared clusters to be selectively marked without complex real-time identification equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If photoremovable cage molecules are used for selective uncaging, then specific cell clusters can be precisely labeled and tracked, but the process requires complex optical equipment and multiple treatment steps

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetracking reliabilityVSAvoidoperation simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The photoremovable cage molecule acts as an intermediary between the oligonucleotide construct and the fluorescent marker. It blocks the marker's function until light exposure triggers its removal, providing a simple on/off switch mechanism that maintains operational ease while enabling reliable selective tracking.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention replaces complex mechanical tracking systems with an optical activation mechanism. Instead of physically tracking or mechanically distinguishing clusters, the system uses light-triggered chemical changes to activate markers, simplifying the operational process while improving tracking reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Adaptability or versatility

If multiple fluorescent markers are used to label different cell clusters, then each cluster can be uniquely identified, but the complexity of managing multiple markers and their corresponding light parameters increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelabeling versatilityVSAvoidmarker management complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The photoremovable cage molecule system provides a universal platform for marker activation. The same cage structure and uncaging mechanism can be applied to multiple different fluorescent markers, allowing versatile labeling of numerous cell clusters while managing complexity through a standardized activation approach rather than requiring unique mechanisms for each marker.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables efficient and accurate labeling of biological samples, allowing for distinct identification and tracking of cell clusters through fluorescent markers, even when numerous clusters are present, by utilizing different fluorescent proteins and light parameters for selective uncaging.

Implementation Method 1

The photoremovable cage molecule is photoremovable from the oligonucleotide construct by a spatially constrained, in particular focused, light beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoremovable cage molecule removal: Photodissociation

Implementation Method 2

exposing, in particular scanning, at least a first region of the biological sample with a first spatially constrained, in particular focused, light beam to form uncaged first oligonucleotide constructs

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectUncaging: Photodissociation

Implementation Method 3

a first nucleic acid sequence encoding a first fluorescent protein

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluorescent protein emission: Fluorescence

Data Source

PatentEP4163389A1Method for generating a marker in a biological sample
Publication Date: 2023.04.12 LEICA MICROSYSTEMS CMS GMBH
  • EP4163389A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4163389A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4163389A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method is provided for generating a marker in a biological sample (300, 302, 304) comprising a plurality of cells by means of oligonucleotide constructs (100). The method comprises the following steps: introducing at least a plurality of first oligonucleotide constructs (100) into the biological sample (300, 302, 304), wherein the first oligonucleotide constructs (100) comprise a first promoter (102), a first nucleic acid sequence (104) encoding a first fluorescent protein (106), and a first photoremovable cage molecule (108); and exposing, at least a first region of the biological sample (300, 302, 304) with a first spatially constrained light beam to form uncaged first oligonucleotide constructs (112) in order to enable synthesis of first fluorescent proteins (106) from the first nucleic acid sequence (104) and generate at least a part of the marker in the first region of the biological sample (300, 302, 304). In further aspects, an oligonucleotide construct and a system for generating a marker in a biological sample is provided.