Electrophotographic Photosensitive Layer Optical Response Time Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Electrophotographic photosensitive members face issues with image ghosting due to exposure memory, where residual charges from previous exposures affect image formation, leading to defects and instability in the photosensitive layer.
Innovation Solution
A single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member is developed with a photosensitive layer containing a charge generating material, hole transport material, electron transport material, additive, and binder resin, with an optical response time between 0.05 and 0.85 milliseconds, and including ultraviolet absorbing agents or antioxidants to prevent charge variations and radical-induced damage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a photosensitive layer is used with conventional optical response time, then charge generation is sufficient, but image ghosting occurs due to exposure memory effects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by optimizing the optical response time to fall within the specific range of 0.05 to 0.85 milliseconds. This parameter optimization balances charge generation efficiency with residual charge dissipation, preventing exposure memory effects while maintaining sufficient charge generation for image formation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements dynamics by controlling the temporal characteristics of charge generation and dissipation through the optimized optical response time. This dynamic control ensures that charges are generated during exposure but dissipate appropriately between exposures, eliminating the static problem of exposure memory.
2Productivity
If the photosensitive layer is exposed to light repeatedly, then image formation continues, but residual charges accumulate causing image defects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses parameter changes by optimizing the optical response time parameter to enable automatic charge management during continuous operation. This allows the photosensitive layer to maintain stable potential characteristics even after repeated exposure cycles, ensuring both productivity and reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback mechanisms where the optical response time characteristic creates a natural feedback loop: charges generated during exposure automatically dissipate at the optimized rate, preventing accumulation and maintaining potential stability for continuous image formation without defects.
3Productivity
If the photosensitive layer operates at high speed, then productivity increases, but image ghosting from residual charges worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by setting the optical response time within 0.05 to 0.85 milliseconds, which is optimized for high-speed operation. This parameter range ensures that even at high productivity speeds, residual charges dissipate sufficiently before the next exposure, preventing image ghosting while maintaining fast image formation.
4Ease of manufacture
If conventional materials are used in the photosensitive layer, then manufacturing is simpler, but stability against radical-induced damage is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies composite materials by combining the charge generating material with specific hole transport materials and electron transport materials in defined proportions. This composite structure provides both the necessary charge generation capability and enhanced stability against radical-induced damage, while remaining manufacturable through conventional processes.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses parameter changes by optimizing the compositional parameters of the photosensitive layer materials. By specifying particular hole transport materials and electron transport materials with defined properties, the patent enhances resistance to radical damage while maintaining ease of manufacture through standard electrophotographic material processing.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively inhibits image defects from exposure memory and enhances potential stability by controlling the optical response time and incorporating additives that stabilize the photosensitive layer, preventing residual charges and improving image quality.
Implementation Method 1
a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material
Implementation Method 2
The additive includes at least one of an ultraviolet absorbing agent and an antioxidant
Implementation Method 3
The additive includes at least one of an ultraviolet absorbing agent and an antioxidant
Data Source
AI summary
An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a single-layer photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, an additive, and a binder resin. An optical response time is in a range from 0.05 milliseconds to 0.85 milliseconds. The optical response time is a time from irradiation of a surface of the photosensitive layer charged to +800 V with pulse light having a wavelength of 780 nm to surface potential decay of the photosensitive layer from +800 V to +400 V. An optical intensity of the pulse light is set so that the surface potential of the photosensitive layer becomes +200 V from +800 V after 400 milliseconds from pulse light irradiation of the surface of the photosensitive layer charged to the +800 V. The additive includes either of both an ultraviolet absorbing agent and an antioxidant.