Phototherapeutic Nitric Oxide Modulation Using Dual-Wavelength Release
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional methods for producing nitric oxide in tissues have limited therapeutic effect due to its short-lived gaseous state and depletion of NADPH or L-arginine, which are essential for sustained production.
Innovation Solution
The use of light with specific peak wavelengths and radiant flux to stimulate enzymatic generation and release of nitric oxide from endogenous stores, where a first peak wavelength stimulates enzymatic generation and a second peak wavelength, differing by at least 25 nm, is used to release nitric oxide from these stores, maintaining it in a gaseous state for extended durations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Duration of action of moving object
If conventional methods are used to produce nitric oxide in tissues, then nitric oxide is generated, but its therapeutic effect is limited due to its short-lived gaseous state and rapid depletion
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses light as an intermediary to trigger the release of nitric oxide from endogenous stores (such as nitrosoglutathione, nitrosoalbumin, and nitrosylhemoglobin). Instead of directly administering gaseous nitric oxide which rapidly depletes, the system uses light energy to mediate the conversion of stable endogenous nitrosated compounds into active gaseous nitric oxide at the target tissue site, thereby extending the duration and reliability of therapeutic effect
Solution Approach 2:
The body naturally stores nitric oxide in endogenous forms (nitrosated compounds) as a preliminary reservoir. The patent leverages this pre-existing storage mechanism by using light to trigger the release of nitric oxide from these pre-loaded stores, ensuring sustained therapeutic availability without continuous external administration of unstable gaseous nitric oxide
2Quantity of substance
If light with specific peak wavelengths is used to stimulate enzymatic generation of nitric oxide, then endogenous stores are increased, but additional light is needed to release it from stores
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a multi-wavelength light source system where different wavelengths serve different functions: one wavelength (e.g., blue light around 410-440 nm) stimulates enzymatic generation of nitric oxide to increase endogenous stores, while another wavelength (e.g., green light around 500-540 nm) triggers release from those stores. This multi-functional light system allows a single device to both build up and release nitric oxide, managing complexity through integrated multi-purpose functionality
Solution Approach 2:
The light therapy process is segmented into distinct wavelength components, each targeting a specific mechanism. By dividing the light spectrum into functional segments (one segment for synthesis stimulation, another for release triggering), the system manages the complexity of dual objectives through spectral segmentation, allowing independent optimization of each wavelength's role
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach effectively regenerates gaseous nitric oxide, maintaining it in a stable state for longer periods and expanding its spatial release zone, enhancing its therapeutic benefits.
Implementation Method 1
use of light having a second peak wavelength and a second radiant flux to stimulate enzymatic generation of nitric oxide to increase endogenous stores of nitric oxide
Implementation Method 2
use of light having a first peak wavelength and a first radiant flux to release nitric oxide from endogenous stores of nitric oxide
Data Source
AI summary
Systems and methods for phototherapeutic modulation of nitric oxide in mammalian tissue include use of a first wavelength and first radiant flux of light to stimulate enzymatic generation of nitric oxide, and use of a second wavelength and second radiant flux of light to stimulate release of nitric oxide from endogenous stores of nitric oxide. Pulsed light and/or partially non-overlapping light impingement windows may be used. Non-coherent light impinged on tissue may include a peak wavelength in a range of from 410 nm to 440 nm in the absence of light emissions having a peak wavelength of from 600 nm to 900 nm.