Photo-thermal Porous Membrane for Localized Distillation Heating

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current membrane distillation methods face inefficiencies due to thermal inefficiencies, excessive temperature polarization, and the need to heat the entire fluid, which limits their effectiveness in fluid distillation processes.

Innovation Solution

The method involves using a porous membrane with a surface capable of generating heat through a photo-thermal composition, which converts light energy into thermal energy, allowing for localized heating and reducing the need to heat the bulk fluid, thereby minimizing energy consumption and temperature polarization.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If conventional membrane distillation is used, then fluid distillation can be achieved, but thermal inefficiency and excessive temperature polarization occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal energy consumptionVSAvoidtemperature polarization
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by incorporating photo-thermal materials specifically on the membrane surface where heat generation is needed, rather than heating the entire bulk fluid. This localized heating approach reduces thermal energy consumption while minimizing temperature polarization effects in the bulk fluid, directly addressing the technical contradiction between energy efficiency and temperature control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces conventional thermal heating systems with photo-thermal conversion materials that convert light energy directly to heat at the membrane surface. This substitution eliminates the need for external heat exchangers and reduces thermal losses, thereby improving thermal efficiency and reducing temperature polarization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Productivity

If the entire fluid is heated for distillation, then distillation can proceed, but energy consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistillation rateVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements local quality by confining heat generation to the membrane surface through photo-thermal materials, enabling distillation to proceed without heating the entire bulk fluid. This localized approach maintains productive vapor generation at the interface while dramatically reducing the energy required compared to bulk heating methods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies partial action by heating only the specific region where phase change occurs (the membrane surface) rather than the entire fluid volume. This partial heating strategy maintains sufficient distillation productivity while minimizing unnecessary energy consumption in regions where heating is not required.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Loss of energy

If photo-thermal composition is applied to membrane surface, then localized heating is achieved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal energy consumptionVSAvoidmembrane structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs composite materials by integrating photo-thermal materials with the membrane structure to create a functionally enhanced composite membrane. This approach achieves localized heating capability while maintaining relatively simple device architecture, as the photo-thermal functionality is incorporated into the membrane material itself rather than requiring separate heating components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent merges the heating function with the membrane separation function by incorporating photo-thermal materials directly into the membrane structure. This consolidation eliminates the need for separate heating systems and reduces overall device complexity while achieving the desired localized heating effect for improved energy efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances energy efficiency by reducing thermal energy consumption, minimizing temperature polarization, and enabling larger-scale membrane distillation systems without the need for solar collectors or heat exchangers, making it suitable for off-grid water purification.

Implementation Method 1

the surface capable of generating heat is associated with a photo-thermal composition that generates the heat at the surface. In some embodiments, the photo-thermal composition generates the heat at the surface by converting light energy from a light source to thermal energy.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhoto-thermal conversion: Photoacoustic Effect

Implementation Method 2

the heat generated at the surface propagates the distilling of the fluid by converting the fluid to a vapor that flows through the porous membrane and condenses to a distillate.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase change (evaporation): Phase Change

Implementation Method 3

converting the fluid to a vapor that flows through the porous membrane and condenses to a distillate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPermeation: Permeation

Implementation Method 4

converting the fluid to a vapor that flows through the porous membrane and condenses to a distillate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCondensation: Condensation

Data Source

PatentEP4074410A1Surface modified porous membranes for membrane distillation
Publication Date: 2022.10.19 WILLIAM MARCH RICE UNIVERSITY
  • EP4074410A1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP4074410A1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP4074410A1 patent drawingFigure 2(a)~2(b)

AI summary

In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for distilling a fluid by exposing the fluid to a porous membrane that includes a surface capable of generating heat. In some embodiments, the heat generated at the surface propagates the distilling of the fluid by converting the fluid to a vapor that flows through the porous membrane and condenses to a distillate. In some embodiments, the surface capable of generating heat is associated with a photo-thermal composition that generates the heat at the surface by converting light energy from a light source to thermal energy. In some embodiments, the photo-thermal composition includes, without limitation, noble metals, semiconducting materials, dielectric materials, carbon-based materials, composite materials, nanocomposite materials, nanoparticles, hydrophilic materials, polymers, fibers, meshes, fiber meshes, hydrogels, hydrogel meshes, nanomaterials, and combinations thereof. Further embodiments pertain to methods of making the porous membranes of the present disclosure.