Photovoltaic array with array-roof integration member
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing photovoltaic systems installed on asphalt or composite shingle roofs appear as separate structures, revealing visual imperfections and having lower conversion efficiency due to higher temperatures, while roof-integrated systems are limited to concrete tile roofs and require removal of existing materials for installation.
Innovation Solution
The use of an array-roof integration member that covers the gap between the photovoltaic array and the roof, providing visual integration, airflow, and matching the roof's color or texture, allowing for conventional rail height mounting and improved conversion efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If photovoltaic arrays are installed on asphalt or composite shingle roofs using conventional mounting systems, then the installation is straightforward and compatible with existing roof materials, but the arrays appear as separate structures that reveal visual imperfections and reduce aesthetic integration
Solution Approach 1:
An array-roof integration member is introduced as an intermediary component between the photovoltaic array and the roof. This member includes a roof-integration portion that attaches to the roof and an array-supporting portion that holds the photovoltaic array, with a gap-covering portion that conceals the gap between them. This mediator enables both straightforward installation on existing roofs and aesthetic integration by hiding visual imperfections.
Solution Approach 2:
The mounting system is divided into distinct functional segments: a roof-integration portion for attaching to the roof, an array-supporting portion for holding the photovoltaic modules, and a gap-covering portion for aesthetic concealment. This segmentation allows each component to perform its specific function optimally while working together to achieve both installation ease and aesthetic integration.
2Ease of manufacture
If photovoltaic arrays are mounted with conventional mounting systems, then installation is simpler, but the arrays operate at higher temperatures resulting in lower conversion efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The array-roof integration member acts as a thermal mediator by creating a controlled gap between the photovoltaic array and the roof surface. This gap allows airflow circulation that removes excess heat from the array, reducing operating temperature and improving conversion efficiency, while the integration member itself maintains installation simplicity.
Solution Approach 2:
The design incorporates airflow channels and gaps that utilize natural convection and wind-driven airflow to cool the photovoltaic array. The gap-covering portion includes features that promote air circulation through the gap, using pneumatic principles to remove heat without requiring active cooling systems, thus maintaining installation simplicity while improving efficiency.
3Shape
If roof-integrated photovoltaic systems are installed to achieve aesthetic integration, then visual appearance is improved, but existing roof materials must be removed and the system is limited to concrete tile roofs
Solution Approach 1:
The array-roof integration member is designed as a universal mounting system that can be adapted to multiple roof types including asphalt shingles, composite shingles, and concrete tile roofs. The roof-integration portion can be configured with different attachment methods suitable for various roof materials, eliminating the need to remove existing roofing and reducing installation complexity while maintaining aesthetic integration.
Solution Approach 2:
The system allows for parameter changes in the roof-integration portion to accommodate different roof types. By adjusting attachment methods, gap dimensions, and integration features based on the specific roof material, the system achieves aesthetic integration across diverse roof types without requiring removal of existing materials or complex custom installations.
4Temperature
If the gap between the photovoltaic array and roof is left open, then airflow for cooling is maintained, but visual imperfections are revealed and aesthetic integration is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The gap-covering portion is designed as a flexible or semi-rigid cover that can be configured to maintain airflow pathways while concealing the gap visually. The cover may include perforations, slits, or translucent sections that allow air circulation for cooling while presenting a clean, integrated appearance from ground level, thus maintaining both thermal management and aesthetic integration.
Solution Approach 2:
The gap-covering portion is designed to match the color and texture of the surrounding roof materials. By using color-matched materials for the cover, the gap concealment becomes visually imperceptible, maintaining aesthetic integration while the physical gap remains open for airflow and cooling purposes.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution achieves aesthetic integration of solar panels with asphalt or composite shingle roofs, maintaining airflow, and enhancing conversion efficiency while reducing installation costs and visual imperfections.
Implementation Method 1
matching the roof's color or texture
Implementation Method 2
maintaining airflow
Implementation Method 3
Photovoltaic cells, also referred to as 'solar cells,' are well known devices for converting solar radiation to electrical energy
Data Source
AI summary
One embodiment relates to a photovoltaic (PV) apparatus. The PV apparatus includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules arranged in an array and attached to a support structure which is attached to a roof. Each of the photovoltaic modules comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells. A first array-roof integration member is attached to a first side of the array. The array-roof integration member covers a gap between the first side of the array and the roof. Another embodiment relates to a method of installing a photovoltaic apparatus upon a sloped roof. Another embodiment relates to a kit for mounting a photovoltaic apparatus on a roof. Other embodiments, aspects and features are also disclosed herein.