Non-invasive Phrenic Nerve Detection in Cardiac Pacing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Cardiac pacing therapies often unintentionally stimulate the phrenic nerve, leading to undesired diaphragm movement and patient discomfort, as existing methods lack effective non-invasive detection and optimization techniques for electrical pacing vectors and power configurations.

Innovation Solution

A system and method using external electrodes to monitor electrical activity and determine phrenic nerve stimulation during cardiac pacing therapy, allowing for the identification of optimal electrical pacing vectors and power configurations that minimize phrenic nerve stimulation, with a graphical user interface for displaying relevant information to assist physicians in configuring therapy.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If cardiac pacing therapy is delivered using electrical pacing vectors, then cardiac treatment efficacy is improved, but phrenic nerve stimulation occurs causing patient discomfort

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecardiac treatment efficacyVSAvoidphrenic nerve stimulation
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary detection of phrenic nerve stimulation using external electrodes and monitored electrical activity before finalizing pacing vector configuration. This allows identification of stimulating vectors in advance, enabling physicians to select alternative vectors that provide effective cardiac treatment without causing phrenic nerve stimulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system continuously monitors electrical activity during pacing therapy delivery and provides feedback about phrenic nerve stimulation detection. This feedback mechanism enables real-time adjustment of pacing vectors and power configurations to maintain therapeutic efficacy while avoiding harmful stimulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Reliability

If multiple electrical pacing vectors are tested to identify optimal configurations, then therapeutic efficacy is improved, but testing time and complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetherapeutic efficacyVSAvoidtesting time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system automatically tests multiple electrical pacing vectors and power configurations without requiring manual intervention for each test. The automated process independently monitors electrical activity, detects phrenic nerve stimulation, and identifies optimal configurations, significantly reducing the time and effort required compared to manual testing methods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The system systematically varies pacing vector parameters and power configuration parameters to test multiple configurations. By automating this parameter exploration and using monitored electrical activity to guide the search, the system efficiently identifies optimal settings without requiring exhaustive manual testing of each possibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If external electrodes are used for non-invasive detection, then patient safety is improved, but detection precision may be reduced compared to invasive methods

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepatient safetyVSAvoiddetection precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses external electrodes that can perform multiple functions: monitoring electrical activity for phrenic nerve stimulation detection, assessing cardiac function, and guiding pacing vector optimization. This multi-functional approach with non-invasive electrodes provides sufficient detection precision for clinical decision-making while maintaining patient safety.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables non-invasive detection and optimization of cardiac pacing therapy to prevent phrenic nerve stimulation, improving patient comfort and therapeutic efficacy by identifying and avoiding stimulating vectors and configurations.

Implementation Method 1

monitor electrical activity using two or more external electrodes of a plurality of external electrodes during delivery of pacing therapy

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical activity monitoring: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP3119275B1Non-invasive detection of phrenic nerve stimulation
Publication Date: 2019.05.29 MEDTRONIC INC
  • EP3119275B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3119275B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP3119275B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

Systems, methods, and graphical user interfaces are described herein for non-invasively detecting phrenic nerve stimulation during cardiac pacing therapy. Phrenic nerve stimulation information may be generated for one or more electrical pacing vectors at one or more power configurations. The phrenic nerve stimulation information may be displayed to a user for use in configuring and/or evaluating cardiac pacing therapy.