Autonomous Drug Delivery With Physiological Rescue Triggers
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional pulse oximetry systems fail to accurately measure oxygen saturation during patient motion and low perfusion conditions, and there is a need for an autonomous drug delivery system to prevent adverse reactions to pharmaceutical drugs by administering rescue drugs autonomously.
Innovation Solution
An autonomous drug delivery system (ADDS) that utilizes physiological monitor outputs to automatically administer a bolus of a rescue drug when certain criteria and confidence levels are met, featuring a housing with an IV injector, a drug reservoir, and a drive motor to expel the drug through a nozzle, integrated with patient monitors and optional emergency button for manual trigger.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional pulse oximetry is used, then the system is simple and easy to operate, but it fails to accurately measure oxygen saturation during patient motion and low perfusion conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary processing of the venous blood signal to remove motion artifacts before measuring arterial oxygen saturation. By preprocessing the signal to eliminate venous contamination, the system maintains measurement accuracy during patient motion without requiring complex real-time intervention
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary processing stage that separates and removes the venous blood signal component from the combined pulsatile signal. This intermediary step allows the arterial oxygen saturation measurement to be extracted accurately even when venous motion is present
2Measurement precision
If advanced pulse oximetry is implemented to process venous blood signal, then measurement accuracy improves under motion conditions, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses the patient's own physiological signals to identify and remove motion artifacts. By analyzing the characteristics of the pulsatile signal itself, the system automatically distinguishes and eliminates venous contamination without requiring external intervention or complex processing algorithms
Solution Approach 2:
The system continuously monitors the pulsatile signal characteristics and uses this feedback to adjust the signal processing in real-time. By feeding back information about signal quality and motion detection, the system dynamically optimizes the removal of venous artifacts to maintain measurement accuracy
3Reliability
If autonomous drug delivery system is implemented, then adverse drug reactions are prevented timely, but system complexity and potential for error increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system autonomously monitors physiological parameters and self-determines when rescue drug administration is needed based on pre-programmed criteria. By enabling the system to monitor itself and make automated decisions, timely intervention occurs without requiring complex human judgment or intervention protocols
Solution Approach 2:
The system is pre-configured with decision algorithms and drug delivery protocols before use. By establishing the rules for when and how to administer rescue drugs in advance, the system can reliably execute safe automated interventions without requiring complex real-time decision-making
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The ADDS effectively prevents adverse drug reactions by timely administration of rescue drugs, reducing the risk of patient injury or death by autonomously responding to monitored conditions and providing manual override options.
Implementation Method 1
A typical pulse oximetry system utilizes an optical sensor attached to a fingertip to measure the relative volume of oxygenated hemoglobin in pulsatile arterial blood flowing within the fingertip
Implementation Method 2
The drive motor actuates so as to drive the piston against a drug containing bolus disposed within the drug reservoir
Data Source
AI summary
An autonomous drug delivery system advantageously utilizes physiological monitor outputs so as to automatically give a bolus of a rescue drug or other necessary medication when certain criteria and confidence levels are met. An emergency button is provided to manually trigger administration of the rescue drug. The rescue drug may be an opioid antagonist in response to an analgesia overdose, a hypotensive drug to avert an excessive drop in blood pressure or an anti-arrhythmia drug to suppress abnormal heartbeats, to name a few.