Hermetically Sealed Piezo Actuator with Water-Consuming Medium

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Solution Overview

Problem

Piezoceramic multilayer actuators experience increased conductivity and leakage current due to water vapor penetration, which is not effectively addressed by existing technologies, especially in applications requiring long-term operation without property changes.

Innovation Solution

A hermetically sealed housing with a water-consuming medium that absorbs and chemically converts water, combined with glass or ceramic bushings for electrical connections, prevents water vapor from causing increased conductivity and leakage current.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If polymeric coatings are used to protect actuator surfaces, then mechanical protection is provided, but water vapor penetrates the coating leading to increased conductivity and leakage current

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical protectionVSAvoidleakage current stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A hermetically sealed housing acts as an intermediary barrier between the actuator and the environment, completely preventing water vapor penetration while maintaining mechanical protection. The housing encapsulates the actuator, creating a sealed environment that eliminates the harmful effects of moisture without compromising structural integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The hermetically sealed housing creates an inert environment around the actuator, isolating it from reactive water vapor in the atmosphere. This sealed enclosure effectively replaces the harmful atmospheric environment with a controlled, moisture-free internal environment, preventing electrochemical reactions at the actuator surface.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #39Inert atmosphere (Inert environment)

2Reliability

If ceramic coatings or glass are used as cover, then water vapor penetration is reduced, but microcracks form during operation allowing moisture penetration

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewater vapor resistanceVSAvoidcoating integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The protective system is segmented into multiple components: a hermetically sealed housing structure with separate sealing elements and connection points. This segmentation allows the housing to maintain its sealed integrity even when subjected to thermal expansion or mechanical stress, preventing microcrack formation while maintaining water vapor resistance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The housing incorporates flexible sealing elements and expansion joints that can accommodate thermal expansion and mechanical stress without forming microcracks. These flexible components maintain the hermetic seal integrity under varying operating conditions, preventing moisture penetration while allowing for dimensional changes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

3Adaptability or versatility

If expansion joints are provided in housing base and cover, then actuator expansion is accommodated, but moisture penetration paths are created

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal expansion accommodationVSAvoidmoisture penetration
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

Expansion joints are constructed using flexible, hermetically sealed components that can accommodate thermal expansion and mechanical movement while maintaining moisture barrier integrity. The flexible sealing elements deform elastically to allow dimensional changes without creating permanent openings or penetration paths for moisture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

The expansion joint system uses composite construction combining rigid structural elements with flexible sealing materials. This composite design provides both the mechanical strength to accommodate expansion and the sealing capability to prevent moisture penetration, resolving the contradiction between adaptability and harmful factor resistance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

4Reliability

If hermetic sealing with welding is used, then water vapor penetration is prevented, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehermetic seal integrityVSAvoidhousing assembly complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The design uses standardized, pre-manufactured hermetic sealing components that can be efficiently assembled through welding. While welding adds a manufacturing step, the use of simple, standardized housing geometries and off-the-shelf sealing elements minimizes overall complexity and maintains ease of manufacture while achieving reliable hermetic sealing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution results in extremely low leakage currents even under prolonged operation with nominal field strength, reducing leakage current by about 1,000,000 times compared to unencapsulated actuators.

Implementation Method 1

a water-consuming medium 21 is introduced into the housing 23, which chemically converts the water molecules enclosed during installation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbsorption: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 2

the medium absorbs water during hardening and chemically converts it

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical conversion: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 3

the housing is hermetically sealed by welding, in particular laser welding, brazing with metal solder, soldering with glass solder or soft soldering

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhysical containment: Physical Containment

Implementation Method 4

If an electrical voltage is applied to the connections 5, this is transmitted in parallel to all the internal electrodes 7 and causes an electrical field in all layers of active material 2, which is thereby mechanically deformed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPiezoelectric effect: Piezoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP2802766B1Actuator module having a multi-layer actuator arranged in a housing and a continuously extremely low leakage current at the actuator surface
Publication Date: 2021.09.15 CERAMTEC GMBH
  • EP2802766B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2802766B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2802766B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The invention relates to an actuator module (22) having a piezo-ceramic multi-layer actuator (1) which is arranged in a housing (23). So that increased conductivity, and therefore an increasing leakage current, does not occur at the actuator surface even after a long operating period, the invention proposes that the housing (23) be hermetically sealed and a space (24) which is partially filled or filled with a medium (21) which chemically converts and/or binds water be arranged between the multi-layer actuator (1) and the housing (23).