Piezoelectric Variable Optical Attenuator for Compact Integration
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing optical attenuators are mechanically bulky and unsuitable for smaller applications in optical communication links, such as optical backplanes or modules, due to their size and implementation challenges.
Innovation Solution
A variable optical attenuator utilizing a piezoelectric smart material that changes shape in response to an external stimulus, creating a controlled gap in the optical fiber to attenuate signals, allowing for precise adjustment of signal propagation loss without the need for bulky mechanical components.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If traditional mechanical attenuators are used, then signal attenuation function is achieved, but device size becomes bulky and unsuitable for smaller applications
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces traditional mechanical attenuator components with a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) that uses electrostatic forces to control a movable mirror. This substitution of mechanical systems with electromechanical systems enables compact integration while maintaining reliable signal attenuation functionality through precise electronic control of the mirror position.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the operating parameters by using electrostatic actuation instead of mechanical actuation. The movable mirror is positioned using voltage-controlled electrostatic forces, allowing for precise control of the optical path and signal attenuation without the bulk of traditional mechanical components. This parameter change enables miniaturization while preserving the attenuation function.
2Device complexity
If mechanical attenuators are implemented, then signal protection is achieved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex mechanical attenuator structures with a simplified MEMS device that uses electrostatic actuation. The movable mirror controlled by electrostatic forces provides a less complex mechanical structure compared to traditional mechanical attenuators, while still achieving reliable receiver protection through precise control of optical signal attenuation.
Solution Approach 2:
The MEMS-based attenuator integrates multiple functions into a single compact device: it provides signal attenuation, receiver protection, and precise control capabilities. The movable mirror structure serves multiple purposes including beam steering, attenuation control, and protection functionality, reducing overall device complexity compared to separate mechanical components.
3Ease of manufacture
If traditional attenuators are used in optical backplanes, then signal control is achieved, but integration difficulty increases due to size constraints
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces bulky mechanical attenuators with compact MEMS devices that can be easily integrated into optical backplanes and modules. The electrostatic actuation mechanism eliminates the need for large mechanical components, making the device suitable for compact optical assemblies while maintaining precise signal propagation control through voltage adjustment.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a dynamic control mechanism where the movable mirror can be rapidly repositioned using electrostatic forces in response to control signals. This dynamic capability allows for real-time adjustment of signal attenuation levels, improving ease of operation for signal propagation control while the compact MEMS structure facilitates easy integration into optical backplanes.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables compact, efficient signal attenuation with precise control over signal loss, suitable for high-speed optical communication applications, and can be integrated into smaller optical devices without significant insertion loss or size constraints.
Implementation Method 1
A variable optical attenuator utilizing a piezoelectric smart material that changes shape in response to an external stimulus
Data Source
AI summary
In one embodiment, a variable optical attenuator includes a core configured to propagate optical data signals and a cladding surrounding at least part of the core and comprising a first cladding portion and a second cladding portion. An attenuating spacer between the first cladding portion and the second cladding portion is formed from a smart material. The smart material is configured to apply a force to at least one of the first cladding portion and the second cladding portion in response to an external stimulus. The smart material may be a piezoelectric material and the external stimulus may be an electrical current.