Piezoelectric Capacitor Composite Electrode d33 Enhancement
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current piezoelectric materials, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), pose environmental and health concerns, and there is a need for materials with improved piezoelectric coefficients, particularly the d33 charge coefficient, to enhance the performance of piezoelectric devices without using lead.
Innovation Solution
A composite article comprising a dry piezoelectric layer with a dry electrically-conductive layer containing particles with a different Young's modulus, distributed uniformly, and a binder material, which enhances the piezoelectric charge coefficient d33 by affecting stress distribution within the layer.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is used as piezoelectric material, then piezoelectric performance is improved, but environmental and health concerns worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and removes the harmful lead component from the piezoelectric material system while maintaining the essential piezoelectric functionality through alternative material compositions that do not contain lead
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs composite piezoelectric materials composed of multiple components working together to achieve the desired piezoelectric performance without relying on lead, thereby eliminating the harmful effects while preserving functional benefits
2Manufacturing precision
If loose powder is applied on piezoelectric layer surface, then piezoelectric charge constant d33 changes, but mechanical stability worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The invention merges the functional particles with the piezoelectric layer by embedding them within the layer structure during manufacturing, creating a unified composite structure that maintains both the modified piezoelectric properties and mechanical stability
Solution Approach 2:
The invention performs preliminary incorporation of functional particles into the piezoelectric layer during the manufacturing process, ensuring proper distribution and bonding before the device is put into service, thereby preventing later mechanical failures
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composite article design improves the piezoelectric response of both polymers and ceramics by directly manipulating the d33 charge coefficient, offering improved performance in devices like energy harvesters and sensors without relying on the device structure.
Implementation Method 1
Piezoelectric materials are materials that can generate charge and provide voltage when placed under mechanical stress ('piezoelectric effect')
Implementation Method 2
conversely can be deformed under an applied electrical field (the 'converse piezoelectric effect')
Data Source
AI summary
A piezoelectric capacitor includes A) a composite article that has 1) a dry piezoelectric layer (dry PL); 2) a first dry electrode comprising a dry electrically-conductive layer arranged contiguously with a first opposing surface of the dry PL; and 3) a second dry electrode arranged contiguously with a second opposing surface of the dry PL. The dry electrically-conductive layer has essentially (a) an electrically-conductive material; and (b) particles having a Young's modulus that is different from the Young's modulus of the (a) electrically-conductive material by at least 10%. The capacitor also has B) electrical communication means attached to both electrodes for electrical communication of the composite article with an external electrical circuit.