Pipeline Inspection Gauge Tracking Using Fiber Optic Acoustic Sensing
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Solution Overview
Problem
The challenge with using Pipeline Inspection Gauges (PIGs) is determining their position and movement within a pipeline, as well as addressing issues of PIGs becoming stuck, without precise speed and location data.
Innovation Solution
Utilizing optical fiber sensors with fiber Bragg gratings to detect acoustic and strain signals, processing interferometric data to generate PIG movement data, and employing machine learning classifiers to track PIG position and movement within a fluid conduit.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If PIGs are used to clean pipelines without speed and position tracking, then the cleaning function is performed, but it is difficult to determine exit time and locate stuck PIGs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical tracking systems with acoustic sensing. Acoustic sensors detect vibrations and sounds generated by the PIG's movement through the pipeline, converting mechanical motion into acoustic signals for position and speed determination without requiring mechanical attachment to the PIG
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces acoustic waves as an intermediary between the PIG and the detection system. The PIG's movement generates acoustic vibrations that propagate through the pipeline fluid and pipe walls, serving as a mediator that carries information about PIG position and speed to external sensors
2Loss of information
If acoustic sensors are deployed along the pipeline to detect PIG movement, then position tracking is achieved, but the system complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The acoustic sensor system is designed to perform multiple functions: detecting PIG position, determining PIG speed, identifying when the PIG has exited the pipeline, and locating stuck PIGs. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate specialized systems for each tracking requirement
Solution Approach 2:
The system utilizes the PIG's own movement through the pipeline to generate the acoustic signals needed for tracking. The PIG's interaction with the pipeline environment during normal operation creates the detection signals, eliminating the need for active transmitters or power sources on the PIG itself
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Accurately determines PIG position and movement, enabling timely detection of exit points and potential blockages, and facilitating efficient retrieval of stuck PIGs.
Implementation Method 1
utilizing optical fiber sensors with fiber Bragg gratings to detect acoustic and strain signals
Implementation Method 2
processing interferometric data to generate PIG movement data
Data Source
AI summary
There is described a method of determining a position of a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) in a fluid conduit. While the PIG is moving through the fluid conduit, one or more sensors positioned along the fluid conduit are used to detect one or more signals. Parameter data is extracted from the detected one or more signals. The parameter data includes one or more parameters of the detected one or more signals as a function of time and position along the fluid conduit. PIG movement data indicative of a position of the PIG in the fluid conduit as a function of time is generated using the parameter data.