PIN Photodiode Structure for Faster Time-of-Flight Distance Sensing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional 3D image sensors based on time-of-flight distance measuring techniques face challenges in achieving high speed, which affects their accuracy.

Innovation Solution

The use of a PIN diode in the light sensor to enhance the speed of electron movement in photodiodes, thereby improving the accuracy of the time-of-flight distance measuring system by increasing the speed of the light sensor.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional photodiodes are used in time-of-flight sensors, then the sensor can detect light and generate images, but the electron movement speed is insufficient which limits measurement accuracy and speed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistance measurement accuracyVSAvoidelectron movement speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the electrical parameters of the photodiode by introducing a PIN structure with an intrinsic layer between P-type and N-type regions. This structural parameter change creates a wider depletion region and stronger electric field, which accelerates electron movement speed and improves both the speed and accuracy of time-of-flight distance measurements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If the sensor speed is increased to improve accuracy, then measurement precision improves, but power consumption may increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistance measurement accuracyVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The PIN photodiode structure changes the electrical field distribution parameters to create a more efficient charge carrier generation and collection mechanism. The intrinsic layer reduces recombination losses and improves quantum efficiency, allowing faster electron movement without proportionally increasing power consumption, thus improving accuracy while maintaining reasonable power usage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enhances the accuracy of the time-of-flight distance measuring system by accelerating charge movement in the photodiode, reducing estimated flight time errors and improving measurement precision without significantly increasing power consumption.

Implementation Method 1

uses a PIN diode to increase the speed that electrons move in the photodiodes of the pixels

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectric Field: Electric Field

Implementation Method 2

a pixel comprises a photodiode in a semiconductor substrate... generate a corresponding light sensing signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric Effect: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3923333B1Optical sensor and time of flight-based distance measurement system
Publication Date: 2024.12.11 SHENZHEN GOODIX TECH CO LTD
  • EP3923333B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3923333B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3923333B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

This application discloses a light sensor (103, 300) and a related time-of-flight distance measuring system (100). The light sensor (103, 300) includes a semiconductor substrate (302), having a first surface (302a) and a second surface (302b); a photodiode (PD), disposed in the semiconductor substrate (302) and adjacent to the first surface (302a), wherein the photodiode (PD) is configured to sense light to generate charges; a first floating diffusion region (FDNI), disposed in the semiconductor substrate (302) and adjacent to the first surface (302a), and configured to collect charges during a sampling operation; a gate (D1), disposed on the semiconductor substrate (302), and configured to selectively control the charges to enter the first floating diffusion region (FDNI); and PIN diode (304), disposed on the photodiode (PD), wherein the PIN diode (304) at least partially overlaps with the photodiode (PD), when viewed from a top view.