Pintle-Swirl Hybrid Injection Device for Combustion Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional injection devices in launch vehicles face issues with high-temperature and high-pressure gas recirculation, which damages the injection tip and hinders efficient combustion by creating areas where the gas re-circulates and becomes highly concentrated fuel, leading to inefficient combustion.
Innovation Solution
A pintle-swirl hybrid injection device is designed with a tubular body and an injection tip that includes a first injector for radial propellant injection and a second injector for conical injection along the central axis, featuring multiple injection holes and a discharge passage to optimize the fuel/oxidizer mixture ratio and protect the injection tip from high-temperature and high-pressure gas.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If a conventional injection tip is used to inject oxidizer radially, then the injection structure is simple, but the injection tip is damaged by high-temperature and high-pressure gas recirculation
Solution Approach 1:
The injection tip is divided into multiple independent injectors (first injector with radial injection holes and second injector with axial injection hole), allowing each segment to perform specific functions and reducing mutual interference, thereby improving durability while maintaining structural simplicity
Solution Approach 2:
The second injector is nested inside the first injector, with the axial injection hole positioned within the radial injection structure. This nested configuration allows compact arrangement of multiple injection functions within a single integrated tip structure, reducing complexity while protecting against gas recirculation damage
2Productivity
If oxidizer is injected radially and fuel axially, then the injection method is conventional, but high-temperature and high-pressure gas recirculates and creates highly-concentrated fuel areas that hinder efficient combustion
Solution Approach 1:
The injection system is segmented into radial injection (first injector) and axial injection (second injector) components, enabling separate control of fuel and oxidizer injection patterns to optimize mixture distribution and prevent localized fuel concentration, thereby improving combustion efficiency
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the injection tip provide different injection characteristics: the radial injection holes deliver oxidizer to specific zones while the axial injection hole delivers fuel to central regions, creating optimized local mixture ratios throughout the combustion chamber to prevent highly-concentrated fuel areas
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device enhances performance by optimizing the fuel/oxidizer mixture ratio and protecting the injection tip from high-temperature and high-pressure gas, leading to efficient combustion and improved device performance.
Implementation Method 1
an injection tip coupled with an end of the body exposed to the combustion chamber to inject the propellant introduced through the passage in a radial direction of the body
Implementation Method 2
a second injector installed in the first injector to inject the propellant in a conical shape to the direction of the central axis of the body
Implementation Method 3
pintle-swirl hybrid injection device
Implementation Method 4
protect an injection tip from high-temperature and high-pressure gas
Data Source
AI summary
A pintle-swirl hybrid injection device according to embodiments of the present disclosure is an injection device which is installed inside a housing that defines a combustion chamber to inject propellant toward the combustion chamber, and it includes a body in tubular shape, being installed in the housing, forming a passage through which the propellant is introduced, and being partially exposed to the combustion chamber, and an injection tip coupled with an end of the body exposed to the combustion chamber to inject the propellant introduced through the passage in a radial direction of the body, and at the same time, to inject the propellant to a direction of a central axis of the body.