Pipe Feature Detection Using Superposed Pressure Pulses
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for detecting pipe features in hydrocarbon recovery operations, such as leaks or depositions, are hindered by the difficulty in visually inspecting pipes underground or underwater, and the low signal-to-noise ratio of pressure pulses reflected by small features.
Innovation Solution
The use of pressure pulses to detect features in pipes, where a first pressure pulse is generated and reflected off a feature, and a second pressure pulse is superposed with the reflected first pulse to reinforce it, enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio and improving detection accuracy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If a single pressure pulse is generated to detect pipe features, then the detection method is simple, but the signal-to-noise ratio is insufficient for detecting small features
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies periodic action by generating multiple pressure pulses at specific intervals. A first pressure pulse is sent to detect pipe features, and when a reflected signal is detected, a second pressure pulse is generated after a predetermined time period. This periodic pulsing allows the system to accumulate signal energy while maintaining a relatively simple detection methodology, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio without excessive complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs preliminary action by sending a first pressure pulse before the main detection pulse. This preliminary pulse allows the system to prepare for the expected reflection timing and to establish a baseline signal pattern. When the reflection from the first pulse is detected, the system is already prepared to send the second, stronger pressure pulse at the optimal moment, maximizing the signal reinforcement effect.
2Measurement precision
If multiple pressure pulses are generated to reinforce the reflected signal, then the signal-to-noise ratio improves, but the detection time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses periodic action with a predetermined time period between pulses. Instead of continuous pulsing, the system waits for the reflection from the first pulse to return before sending the second pulse. This timing-based periodic action reinforces the signal while minimizing unnecessary pulse generation, thereby reducing the overall detection time compared to continuous or frequent pulsing methods.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback by monitoring the reflected signal from the first pressure pulse and using that information to trigger the second pressure pulse. When the system detects that a reflection has returned (indicating a pipe feature), it automatically sends the second reinforcing pulse. This feedback mechanism ensures that pulses are sent only when necessary, optimizing the balance between signal reinforcement and detection time.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method effectively enhances the detection of pipe features by improving the signal-to-noise ratio of reflected pressure pulses, allowing for more accurate identification of features such as leaks or depositions, and enabling appropriate pipe operations to be performed.
Implementation Method 1
A pressure pulse may be generated in a pipe by a pulse generator. If a feature (such as a deposition, leak, etc.) is present in the pipe, the pressure pulse may reflect off the feature, and propagate back in the direction of the pulse generator.
Implementation Method 2
the pressure pulse may reflect off the feature, and propagate back in the direction of the pulse generator
Implementation Method 3
A transducer proximate the pulse generator may measure the time it may take the pressure pulse to propagate through the pipe and reflect off a feature in the pipe
Implementation Method 4
A transducer proximate the pulse generator may detect the reflected pressure pulse. In response to the detection of the reflected pressure pulse, the pulse generator may generate a second pressure pulse, superposed with the reflected pressure pulse further reflected off of the pulse generator, to reinforce the reflected pressure pulse
Data Source
AI summary
A method comprises generating, via a pulse generator, a first pressure pulse in a fluid in a pipe and detecting, via a transducer, a first reflected pressure pulse based on the first pressure pulse, wherein the first pressure pulse is reflected by a pipe feature to generate the first reflected pressure pulse. The method comprises generating, with the pulse generator, a second pressure pulse at a later time relative to generating the first pressure pulse, wherein timing of generating of the second pressure pulse is such that the second pressure pulse is superposed with the first reflected pressure pulse such that an amplitude of the second pressure pulse is greater than an amplitude of the first pressure pulse. The method comprises detecting, via the transducer, a second reflected pressure pulse based on the second pressure pulse, and detecting a pipe feature based on the second reflected pressure pulse.