Pipeline HIC Growth Prediction for Targeted Inspection Scheduling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for assessing hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) in metal pipelines lack reliable and robust tools to predict crack growth rates, leading to inefficient and costly inspections, and there is no standard method to determine the remaining lifetime of HIC-affected equipment, making it difficult to estimate when pipelines may fail.

Innovation Solution

A method using a mechanistic model to simulate HIC growth based on data inputs, processed by a processor to output growth characteristics, which are then used to train an expert system to predict crack growth rates, allowing for alerts and robotic inspections, and updating the system with new data for continuous improvement.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If advanced ultrasonic testing techniques are used to monitor HIC damage, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveHIC damage detection accuracyVSAvoidinspection equipment requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by performing parametric simulations and design-of-experiment analyses before actual inspections to pre-determine optimal inspection locations, timing, and techniques. This allows the system to focus advanced ultrasonic testing only on high-risk areas identified through mechanistic modeling, rather than requiring comprehensive monitoring of entire pipelines.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a virtual copy of the pipeline system through mechanistic models that simulate HIC damage progression. This digital twin allows prediction of crack growth rates and identification of critical locations, enabling targeted physical inspections that reduce the need for extensive advanced ultrasonic testing while maintaining detection precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Reliability

If frequent inspections are conducted to detect HIC damage, then reliability is improved, but loss of time and productivity decrease

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepipeline integrity assuranceVSAvoidinspection frequency requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary mechanistic modeling and parametric simulations to predict HIC damage progression and identify high-risk locations before inspections occur. This allows inspection intervals to be optimized based on predicted damage rates, reducing unnecessary frequent inspections in low-risk areas while maintaining reliability through targeted monitoring of critical locations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamic inspection scheduling that adjusts inspection frequency based on real-time predictions from the mechanistic model. As the model predicts increased HIC growth rates in specific locations, inspection frequency at those locations is automatically increased, while locations with stable conditions require less frequent monitoring, optimizing the balance between reliability and time loss.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Measurement precision

If complete advanced ultrasonic testing mapping is performed on entire pipelines, then measurement precision is improved, but use of energy and computing resources increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomprehensive damage mapping accuracyVSAvoidcomputing time and CPU usage
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by concentrating advanced ultrasonic testing resources on specific high-risk locations identified through mechanistic modeling, rather than uniformly applying comprehensive mapping to entire pipelines. The system determines local inspection intensity based on predicted HIC damage probability and growth rates at each location, optimizing the balance between measurement precision and computing resource usage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the pipeline into multiple zones with different inspection requirements based on mechanistic model predictions. High-risk segments identified through parametric simulations receive comprehensive advanced ultrasonic testing, while low-risk segments use simpler inspection methods or extended intervals, reducing overall computing time and energy consumption while maintaining adequate monitoring coverage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

4Productivity

If mechanistic models with parametric simulations are used to predict HIC growth, then productivity is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrack growth rate prediction capabilityVSAvoidmodeling and simulation system requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates simplified surrogate models that replicate the behavior of complex mechanistic models. These surrogate models are trained using parametric simulations and design-of-experiment data, then deployed for routine predictions. This copying approach maintains the productivity benefits of mechanistic modeling while reducing the computational complexity and resource requirements for actual deployment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs extensive parametric simulations and design-of-experiment analyses in advance to pre-compute response surfaces and calibration data. This preliminary action allows the final prediction model to operate with reduced complexity, as the computationally intensive work has already been completed during the modeling phase rather than during routine predictions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly reduces computing resources required, enabling practical field applications by predicting crack growth rates accurately and efficiently, allowing for timely inspections and extending the lifetime of pipelines.

Implementation Method 1

hydrogen atoms can diffuse through the interstitial sites in the metal, and recombine to form high-pressure hydrogen gas within the metal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Data Source

PatentUS11681898B2Systems and methods for rapid prediction of hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) in pipelines, pressure vessels, and piping systems and for taking action in relation thereto
Publication Date: 2023.06.20 SAUDI ARABIAN OIL CO
  • US11681898B2 patent drawing
  • US11681898B2 patent drawing
  • US11681898B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Methods and systems of predicting the growth rate of hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) in a physical asset (e.g., a pipeline, storage tank, etc.) are provided. The methodology receives a plurality of inputs regarding physical characteristics of the asset and performs parametric simulations to generate a simulated database of observations of the asset. The database is then used to train, test, and validate one or more expert systems that can then predict the growth rate and other characteristics of the asset over time. The systems herein can also generate alerts as to predicted dangerous conditions and modify inspection schedules based on such growth rate predictions.