Pipeline Pig Ultrasonic Array for Deep Crack Depth Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current pipeline inspection methods using ultrasonic transducers struggle to accurately determine the depth of features, such as cracks, within the pipeline wall, as they primarily focus on the presence and not the actual depth of the features.

Innovation Solution

A pipeline inspection system employing a sensor carrier module with an array of ultrasonic transducer elements that dynamically adjusts the effective transducer width by utilizing subsets of transducer elements, allowing for the determination of feature depth by analyzing the presence and patterns of ultrasonic signal echoes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional ultrasonic transducer methods are used for pipeline inspection, then the presence of features can be detected, but the depth of features cannot be accurately determined

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefeature depth measurementVSAvoiddepth information
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The pipeline wall is divided into multiple depth zones by segmenting the ultrasonic signal analysis into different time windows. Each time window corresponds to a specific depth range, allowing the system to determine which zone a feature occupies by analyzing echo signals from segmented time periods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system transitions from two-dimensional surface detection to three-dimensional depth characterization by incorporating the time dimension of ultrasonic signal propagation. By measuring the time-of-flight of echo signals and applying sound velocity calculations, the system adds the depth dimension to feature detection, transforming surface-level presence detection into volumetric depth measurement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Adaptability or versatility

If a single transducer configuration is used, then the inspection process is simple, but it cannot provide comprehensive depth information for features at different depths

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedepth detection capabilityVSAvoidtransducer configuration
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system employs dynamic signal processing where the analysis parameters, time windows, and evaluation criteria are adjusted based on the detected feature characteristics. The inspection process adapts its parameters in real-time to optimize depth measurement for features at various depths, transforming a static inspection method into a dynamic, responsive system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes multiple parameters including ultrasonic frequency, pulse duration, and especially the time-of-flight measurement parameters to accurately characterize features at different depths. By varying these parameters and analyzing the corresponding echo signal characteristics, the system achieves comprehensive depth detection capability without requiring multiple physical transducers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables accurate detection and characterization of feature depth within the pipeline wall, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the pipeline condition by differentiating between the presence and depth of features, thereby facilitating effective maintenance and repair planning.

Implementation Method 1

Transducers mounted to the pipeline pig may be configured to emit ultrasonic signals into the pipeline wall and receive reflected ultrasonic signals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectUltrasonic reflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 2

emit ultrasonic signals into the pipeline wall and receive reflected ultrasonic signals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectUltrasonic: Ultrasound

Data Source

PatentEP3635359B1System, method and computer program for pipeline deep crack detection
Publication Date: 2023.10.04 BAKER HUGHES CO
  • EP3635359B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3635359B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3635359B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A pipeline inspection system includes a pipeline pig having a controller and a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements situated in an array. Each of the plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements emits an ultrasonic signal into a wall of a pipeline and receives echoes of the ultrasonic signal from the pipeline wall. The controller selects a first subset of the plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements from which to emit the ultrasonic signals into the wall of the pipeline as the pipeline pig passes through the pipeline, analyzes the echoes of the ultrasonic signals received by the plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements to detect a feature in the pipeline wall, and selects a second subset of the plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements to emit the ultrasonic signals into the wall of the pipeline as the pipeline pig passes through the pipeline when the feature is detected in the pipeline wall.